بررسي تطبيقي فرايند پالايش هستي در اساطير ايران و بين‌النّهرين

Comparative Study of the Refining Process of Existence in Mythology of Iran and Mesopotamia

ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ ﭘﺎﻻﯾﺶ ﺟﻬﺎن ﻫﺴﺘﯽ، ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﯽ درﺧﻮر اﻧﺪﯾﺸﻪ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﺎً در اﺳﺎﻃﯿﺮ و ﻣﺘـﻮن ﮐﻬـﻦ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺗﻤﺪن ﻫﺎي ﺑﺰرگ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻫﺎي ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻧﯽ رواﯾﺖ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻫـﺪف از اﯾـﻦ ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ اي و دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺒﺎﻫﺖ ﻫﺎ و ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻫﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ارﺗﺒـﺎط ﺑـﺎ ﻓﺮاﯾﻨـﺪ ﭘـﺎﻻﯾﺶ ﺟﻬـﺎن در اﺳﺎﻃﯿﺮ اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ و ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻨﻬﺮﯾﻨﯽ وﺟﻮد دارد. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ، در ﻫﺮ ﺑﺨﺶ، ﻧﺨﺴﺖ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﮥ ﻣﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﺮﺑـﻮط ﺑﻪ رواﯾﺖ ﭘﺎﻻﯾﺶ ﺟﻬﺎن اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ و در اداﻣﻪ، ﺷﺎﺧﺼﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪ اي را ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴـﻪ و ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﮐﺮد، ﺟﺪاﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺷﺎﯾﺎن ذﮐﺮ اﺳﺖ ﮐـﻪ ﻋﻤـﺪۀ رواﯾـﺖ ﻫـﺎي ﮐﻬـﻦ ﻣﺮﺑـﻮط ﺑـﻪ ﭘﺎﻻﯾﺶ ﺟﻬﺎن از اﻟﮕﻮﯾﯽ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ ﭘﯿﺮوي ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ، اﻣﺎ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﺘﺎً ﻣﻤﮑﻦ اﺳﺖ در ﺟﺰﺋﯿﺎت ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻧﯿـﺰ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. از ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع اﺷﺎره ﮐﺮد ﮐﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ در اﺳـﺎﻃﯿﺮ اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ، ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﺎﻻﯾﺶ ﺟﻬﺎن زﻣﺴﺘﺎن و ﺳﺮﻣﺎ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ و اﯾﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ، ﻋﻨﺼﺮي اﻫﺮﯾﻤﻨـﯽ اﺳـﺖ و ﻧﯿـﺰ اﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﺑﻨﺎ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎﻃﯿﺮ، ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ ﭘﺎﻻﯾﺶ ﺟﻬﺎن در اﺳﺎﻃﯿﺮ ﻫﻨﺪي، روﯾﺪادي ﻫﻤﯿﺸـﮕﯽ اﺳـﺖ ﮐـﻪ در ادوار زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﯽ رخ ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ، ﺑﺎﯾﺪ اﻓﺰود ﮐﻪ در اﺳﺎﻃﯿﺮ اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ، اﯾﻦ روﯾﺪاد ﺑﺰرگ ﻫﻨﻮز اﺗﻔﺎق ﻧﯿﻔﺘﺎده اﺳﺖ و ﭘﺪﯾﺪه اي اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در آﯾﻨﺪه رخ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ داد.

The refining process of the universe is a worthy subject of thought which has been narrated in most of the mythology and ancient texts of many great civilizations in various ways. The purpose of this study is to compare and achieve similarities and differences which is associated with the process of refining the world in Iranian and Mesopotamian mythology. Therefore, in each section, the ancient text translation of the world's refined narrative is initially presented and then, prominent indicators that can be compared and evaluated separately have been investigated. It is worth noting that most of the ancient narratives relating to the refinement of the world follow a general pattern, but naturally they may have differences in detail. One of the most important results of this research is the fact that only in Iranian mythology; the purification factor of the world was winter and cold and this agent is a devilish element. Also, according to myths, the process of refining the world in Indian mythology is an everlasting event occurring in certain times. In addition, it should be added that this great event has not happened in Iranian mythology, and it is a phenomenon that will occur in the future.