نگاهي تطبيقي به اشتغال بانوان و پيامدهاي آن در دو رمان «عادت مي‌كنيم» زويا پيرزاد و «بنات‌الرّياض» اثر رجاء عبداالله الصانع

A Comparative View of Women's Employment and its Consequences in Two Novels of "We Get Used to" by Zoya Pirzad and "Benat al-Riyadh" by Raja Abdullah al-Sane

زن و ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ آن از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺗﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﻋﻠﻤـﯽ و ادﺑـﯽ ﻣﻌﺎﺻـﺮ ﺑـﺎ اﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ از ﺳﻮي ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮕﺮان ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. زﻧﺎن ﺑﺴﯿﺎري ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺮ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ اﺳـﺎس ﺑـﻪ ﺣـﻮزۀ ادﺑﯿﺎت، ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋه ﻗﺎﻟﺐ رﻣﺎن ﮔﺮاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑـﺎ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از ﻇﺮﻓﯿـﺖ ﻫـﺎي آن ﺑـﻪ ﺑﯿـﺎن اﻧﺪﯾﺸـﻪ ﻫـﺎ دﻏﺪﻏﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﭙﺮدازﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ آن ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ، ﺑﻪ روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ـ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠـﯽ و ﺑﻪ ﺻـﻮرت ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘـﯽ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﺴـﺌﻠﮥ اﺷـﺘﻐﺎل ﺑـﺎﻧﻮان در دو رﻣـﺎن ﭘﺎرﺳـﯽ »ﻋـﺎدت ﻣـﯽ ﮐﻨـﯿﻢ « و ﻋﺮﺑـﯽ »ﺑﻨﺎت اﻟﺮّﯾﺎض« ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ و ﺳﻌﯽ ﺷﺪه آﺳﯿﺐ ﻫﺎ، دﻏﺪﻏﻪ ﻫﺎ، ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎدﻫﺎ و راه ﮐﺎرﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐـﻪ اﯾـﻦ دو ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪه در ﺧﻼل ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖ ﻫﺎ، ﺣﻮادث و ﺻﺤﻨﻪ ﻫﺎ آورده اﻧﺪ، واﮐﺎوي و ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﻮد. در ﯾﮏ ﻧﮕﺎه ﮐﻠّﯽ، در ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دو رﻣﺎن ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﮔﻔﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﻓﻀﺎي ﻫﺮ دو رﻣـﺎن زﻧـﺎ ن ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﺎن ا ﺗﺒﻌﯿﺾ ﺟﻨﺴﯽ در ﻋﺮﺻﮥ ﺑﺎزار ﮐﺎر و ﻧﯿﺰ ﺣﻀﻮر و ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﺷﻐﻠﯽ در اﺟﺘﻤﺎع رﻧﺞ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺮﻧﺪ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎن ﺑـﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ داري زﻧﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ ﺷﻐﻞ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﻧﮕﺮﯾﺴﺘﻪ ﻧﻤﯽ ﺷﻮد، ﺑﻠﮑﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﯽ دون و ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘـﺎﯾﯿﻦ در هر دو ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺗﻠﻘﯽ ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮدد، ﺿﻤﻦ اﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﮥ اﺷﺘﻐﺎل زﻧـﺎن در ﺟﺎﻣﻌـﮥ اﯾـﺮان ﺟﻨﺒـﻪ ﻫـﺎي ﻣـﺎﻟﯽ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي دارد، در ﺣﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ در ﻣﯿﺎن زﻧﺎن ﺳﻌﻮدي ﺟﻨﺒﮥ ﻫﻮﯾﺘﯽ و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ دارد.

Women and its related issues are among the topics that have been widely accepted by researchers in contemporary scientific and literary research. Many women, therefore, have tended to the literature, especially the novel, to express their ideas, concerns and challenges using their capacities. In this paper, we have dealt with the problem of women's employment in two Persian novels "We get used to" and "Benat al- Riyadh" in Arabic by using a descriptive-analytical and comparative approach and we've tried to analyze and explain the damages, concerns, suggestions, and solutions that these two authors have given in describing characters, events, and scenes. In an overview, by analyzing the two novels, it can be said that in both novels, women continue to suffer from sex discrimination in the workplace as well as presence and activity in the community and still, women's housekeeping is not seen as an eroding job, rather, it is seen as a low level practice in both societies, whilst the issue of women's employment in the Iranian society has financial and economic aspects, while it has an identity and social dimension among Saudi women