چيستي تاويل عرفاني قرآن و نسبت آن با تاويل فني

Mystical Interpretation of the Qur'an and Its Relation to Technical Interpretation

عالمان و محققان‌ ديني درباره شرح و تفسير «تاويل قرآن» سخنان مختلفي بيان كرده و اصطلاحات متنوعي را پديد آورده‌اند. در عرف عرفان و لسان انديشمندان، به‌طور رايج فهم و شرح آيات الهي به وسيله عارفان، «تاويل» نام گرفته است كه با ذوق خاص و ارايه مفاهيم ويژه همراه است. بررسي تاويل قرآن نزد عرفا و اينكه چرا فهم خود را فهم تاويل مي‌دانند، تابع تبيين مباني معرفتي و هستي‌شناختي عرفاني است كه آثار ابن‌عربي و پيروان او بهترين منبع اين بررسي است. در ديدگاه ابن‌عربي، فهم و شناخت هر حقيقتي، از جمله فهم تاويل و حقيقت قرآن، تنها وقتي حاصل مي‌شود كه مبادي ادراك قلب حقيقي انسان از راه تصفيه باطن گشوده شود و محل دريافت تجليات ذاتي و اسمايي گردد. اين نوع اخذ علم، خصوصيت اصلي و فصل مميز معارف عرفاني است و راه بديلي ندارد. در قبال اين ادعا، راه بديلي با عنوان تاويل فني قرآن طرح شده است كه اين مقاله به نقد آن اشاره دارد.

Religious scholars and researchers have stated different ideas in the description and interpretation of the "esoteric interpretation of the Qur'@n" and have created various terms. According to the traditions of mystics and thinkers, understanding and explaining divine verses by mystics is referred to as esoteric interpretation, which is associated with special taste and presentation of special concepts. The study of the esoteric interpretation of the Qur'an based on mystic’s views and why they consider their understanding as esoteric interpretation depends on explaining the epistemological and ontological foundations of mysticism. The works of Ibn Arabi and his followers are the best source for studying this subject. According to the Ibn Arabi’s view, understanding and knowing any truth, such as understanding the esoteric meaning and truth of the Qur'an, is achieved only when the windows of the perception of the true human heart are opened through inner purification and human heart becomes the locus of receiving essential divine manifestations. This type of knowledge acquisition is the main feature and the distinguishing factor of mystical knowledge, and there is no alternative approach in this regard. This study refers to and criticizes technical interpretation of the Qur'an which has been proposed as an alternative to esoteric interpretation.