عوامل جامعه شناختي موثر بر وقوع جرم در شهر اهواز

Sociological Factors Affecting Crime in Ahwaz City

از ﭘﯿﺎﻣـﺪﻫﺎي ﻧـﺎﮔﻮار رﺷـﺪ ﺳـﺮﯾﻊ و ﺑـﯽ روﯾـﻪ ﺷـﻬﺮﻫﺎي ﺑـﺰرگ، اﻓـﺰاﯾﺶ ﺟـﺮاﯾﻢ و ﻧﺎﻫﻨﺠـﺎري ﻫـﺎ در آﻧﻬﺎﺳـﺖ از اﯾﻨـﺮو ﯾﮑـﯽ از ﻣﺴـﺎﺋل ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪ و ﻣﻬﻢ در ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ در ﺣﯿﻄـﻪ ﺟـﺮم در ﮐﺸـﻮرﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ دﻧﯿا ﺑـﺪان ﭘﺮداﺧﺘـﻪ ﻣـﯽ ﺷـﻮد ﺑﺤـﺚ وﻗـﻮع و ﺗـﺮس از ﺟـﺮم اﺳـﺖ. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻋﻮاﻣـﻞ ﺟﺎﻣﻌـﻪ ﺷـﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﺑـﺮ وﻗـﻮع و ﺗـﺮس از ﺟـﺮم در ﺷـﻬﺮ اﻫـﻮاز ﺻـﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ اﺳـﺖ. در اﯾـﻦ راﺳـﺘﺎ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫـﺎي ﺑﺮوﻧـﺰاي اﺛـﺮ ﺑﺨﺸـﯽ (رواﺑـﻂ ﻣﺤﻠـﻪ اي، اﺣﺴـﺎس ﺗﻌﻠـﻖ و ﮐﻨﺘـﺮل ﻏﯿﺮرﺳـﻤﯽ)، ﺗﻌﺼـﺒﺎت ﻗـﻮﻣﯽ و ﻗﺒﯿﻠـﻪ اي و ﺑﻬﺪاﺷـﺖ رواﻧـﯽ، دﺳﺘﺮﺳــﯽ ﺑــﻪ اﻣﮑﺎﻧــﺎت و ﺗــﺮس از آﺳــﯿﺐ ﭘــﺬﯾﺮي از ﻃﺮﯾــﻖ ﻣﺘﻐﯿــﺮ ﻣﯿــﺎﻧﺠﯽ ﺗــﺮس از ﺟــﺮم در دوﺑﻌﺪ (اﺣﺴــﺎس اﻣﻨﯿــﺖ و ﻧﮕﺮاﻧــﯽ از وﻗــﻮع ﺟﺮم) ﺑﺮوي وﻗﻮع ﺟﺮم ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳت. روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿـﻖ ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺸـﯽ از ﻧـﻮع ﺗﻮﺻـﯿﻔﯽ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠـﯽ ﺑـﻮده و اﻃﻼﻋـﺎت ﺑـﻪ روش ﻣﯿـﺪاﻧﯽ با اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از ﭘﺮﺳﺸـﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﮔـﺮدآوري ﺷـﺪه اﻧـﺪ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌــﻪ ي آﻣﺎرﯾــ ﺎﯾﻦ ﭘــﮋوﻫﺶ اﻓــﺮاد ﺑــﺎﻻي 15 ﺳــﺎل در ﻣﻨــﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠــﻒ ﺷــﻬﺮ اﻫــﻮاز اﺳــﺖ ﮐــﻪ در ﺣــﺪود 853220 ﻧﻔﺮ اﺳــﺖ. روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿـﺮي ﺑـﻪ ﺻـﻮرت ﺧﻮﺷـﻪ اي ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪ اي و ﺣﺠـﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ 553 ﻧﻔـﺮ ﺗﻌﯿـﯿﻦ ﮔﺮدﯾـﺪ، ﮐـﻪ در ﻧﻬﺎﯾـﺖ اﻃﻼﻋـﺎت ﺟﻤـﻊ آوري ﺷـﺪه ﺑـﻪ وﺳﯿﻠﻪ ي ﻧـﺮم اﻓـﺰار آﻣـﺎري spss ﻣـﻮرد ﺗﺠﺰﯾـﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿـﻞ ﻗـﺮار ﮔﺮﻓـﺖ و ﺑـﺮاي آزﻣـﻮن ﻓﺮﺿـﯿﻪ ﻫـﺎ از آزﻣـﻮن ﻫـﺎي ﻣﻌـﺎدﻻت رﮔﺮﺳـﯿﻮﻧﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷـﺪه اﺳـﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘـﻪ ﻫـﺎي ﺗﺠﺮﺑـﯽ ﻧﺸـﺎن ﻣـﯽ دﻫـﺪ ﻧﺴـﺒﺘﯽ از وارﯾـﺎﻧﺲ وﻗـﻮع ﺟـﺮم ﮐـﻪ از ﻃﺮﯾـﻖ ﺗﺮﮐﯿـﺐ ﺷـﺮوط ﻋﻠـﯽ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫـﺎي ﺑﺮوﻧﺰاي اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﯽ و ﺗﺮس از آﺳﯿﺐ ﭘـﺬﯾﺮي،ﻧﮕﺮاﻧﯽ از وﻗـﻮع ﺟـﺮم، اﺣﺴـﺎس اﻣﻨﯿـﺖ و ﺑﻬﺪاﺷـﺖ رواﻧـﯽ ﺗﺒﯿـﯿﻦ ﺷـﺪه اﺳـﺖ ﺑـﻪ اﻧـﺪازه 35 درﺻـﺪ اﺳﺖ.ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﭘﯿﺶ ﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد در ﯾﮏ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ ﻧﯿﺰ از ﻫﻤﺎن ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻓﺮﺿﯿﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺗﺎﯾﯿﺪ ﮔﺮدد.

One of the unfortunate consequences of the rapid and uncontrolled growth of big cities is the increase in crime and anomalies in them. Therefore, one of the prominent and important issues in crime research in different countries of the world is the occurrence and fear of crime. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sociological factors on the occurrence and fear of crime in Ahvaz. The effects of exogenous variables effectiveness (relationships neighborhood, a sense of belonging and control informal), prejudices, ethnic, tribal and mental health, access to facilities and fear of vulnerability through the mediating variable fear of crime in two dimensions (feel safe and Fear of crime) has been investigated on the occurrence of crime. 15 Sampling for multi-stage cluster sample size of 553 patients was determined that the information collected by the statistical software spss analysis was to test the hypothesis tests, regression analysis was used is . The research method is descriptive-analytical and the information was collected by field method using a questionnaire.