تاثير تزريق تري‌فلوراين در كاهش گرفتگي قطره چكان‌هاي توسط ريشه دو گونه چمن در آبياري قطره‌اي زير سطحي

Effect of Treflan Injection on Decline of Emitter Clogging by Roots of Two Grass Species under Subsurface Drip Irrigation

ﮔﺮﻓﺘﮕﯽ ﻗﻄﺮه ﭼﮑﺎن ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ وﺳﯿﻠﻪ رﯾﺸﻪ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﺸﮑﻼت اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ آﺑﯿﺎري ﻗﻄﺮه اي زﯾﺮ ﺳﻄﺤﯽ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺧﺸﮏ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ اﺳﺘﺮس آﺑﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﻫﺪاف اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ ﺗﺰرﯾﻖ ﺗﺮي ﻓﻠﻮراﯾﻦ در ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮي از اﻧﺴﺪاد ﻗﻄﺮه ﭼﮑﺎن ﻫﺎ در آﺑﯿﺎري ﻗﻄﺮه اي زﯾﺮ ﺳﻄﺤﯽ و ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ اﯾﻦ ﻣـﻮاد ﺑـﺮ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﻇﺎﻫﺮي دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﭼﻤﻦ ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار ﻃﯽ ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي 1391 ﺗﺎ 1392 اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳـ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺗﺰرﯾﻖ ﻋﻠﻒ ﮐﺶ ﺗﺮي ﻓﻠﻮراﯾﻦ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﮔﺮم )C0(، 100 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﮔﺮم )C1( و 300 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﮔﺮم )C2( ﺗﺮي ﻓﻠﻮراﯾﻦ ﺧـﺎﻟﺺ ﺑـﻪ ازاي ﻫـﺮ ﻗﻄـﺮ ﭼﮑﺎن در ﺳﺎل و دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﭼﻤﻦ ﻓﺴﺘﻮﮐﺎ )F( و ﺑﺮﻣﻮداﮔﺮاس )B( ﺑﻮد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻧﻔﻮذ رﯾﺸﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﺮه ﭼﮑﺎن ﻫﺎ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺗﺰرﯾﻖ ﺗـﺮ ي ﻓﻠـﻮراﯾﻦ ﺑـﻮد، در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺷﺎﻫﺪ )ﺑﺪون ﺗﺰرﯾﻖ ﺗﺮي ﻓﻠﻮراﯾﻦ( ﺑﺮاي 7% از ﻗﻄﺮه ﭼﮑﺎن ﻫﺎ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﮕﯽ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ رﯾﺸﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ وﻟﯽ در ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي C1 و C2 اﯾﻦ ﻧﻮع ﮔﺮﻓﺘﮕـﯽ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻧﺸﺪ. در ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﻣﻮداﮔﺮاس ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺴﺘﻮﮐﺎ ﻧﻔﻮذ رﯾﺸﻪ و ﻣﺸﮑﻞ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﮕﯽ ﺷﺪﯾﺪﺗﺮ رخ داد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﻫﯿﺪروﻟﯿﮑﯽ ﭘﺲ از دو ﻓﺼـﻞ رﺷـﺪ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ اﯾﻦ ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺗﺮي ﻓﻠﻮراﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮي از ﮔﺮﻓﺘﮕﯽ ﻗﻄﺮه ﭼﮑﺎن ﻫﺎ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺗﺮي ﻓﻠﻮراﯾﻦ ﺗﺎ 300 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﮔﺮم در ﺳﺎل ﺑﻪ ازاي ﺮ ﻗﻄﺮه ﭼﮑﺎن ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮي ﺑﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﻇﺎﻫﺮي ﭼﻤﻦ ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻨﺪ. اﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﺗﺰرﯾﻖ ﺗﺮي ﻓﻠﻮراﯾﻦ ﺑﺮ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﮕﯽ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﻮد، ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑـﻪ اﻫﻤﯿـﺖ ﺣﻔـﻆ ﻣﺤـﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد از ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي درﯾﭙﺮدار زﯾﺮﺳﻄﺤﯽ ﻣﺨﺼﻮص ﺑﺎ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﯽ رﯾﺸﻪ در ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي آﺑﯿﺎري ﻗﻄﺮه اي زﯾﺮ ﺳﻄﺤﯽ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده ﺷـﻮد، ﺗـﺎ براي ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮي از ﮔﺮﻓﺘﮕﯽ ﻗﻄﺮه ﭼﮑﺎن ﻫﺎ ﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻋﻠﻒ ﮐﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ زﯾﺎد ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ

The emitter clogging by crop roots is a main problem for using subsurface drip irrigation system in an arid area under water stress condition. The goals of this study were to investigate the effect of treflan injection for preventing of emitter clogging by grass roots in subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) and the effect of these treflan on the visual quality of two grass species. The experiment was conducted in a factorial experiment according to completely randomized block design with three replications from 2012 to 2013. The experiment included three levels of treflan contain 0 (C0), 100 (C1) and 300 (C2) mg net Treflan per emitter per year, and two grass species of Festuca (F) and Brmudagrass ( B). The results showed that the injection of Treflan into SDI system decreased roots around the emitter outlet and consequently no emitter clogging was observed. Root penetrate and severe clogging problem was more for Brmudagrass in compared to Festuca. The results showed after two growing seasons there was no emitters clogging in high Treflan level injection. Also, increasing the concentration of treflan up to 300 mg per year per emitter had not effect on the visual quality of grass species. Due to the importance of environmental protection, it is recommended to use a high-tech emitter and dripline for subsurface drip irrigation with no or lower herbicides injection to prevent clogging of the emitter.