شناسايي و اولويت‌بندي مهم‌ترين شاخص‌‌هاي رفتاري رهبران اخلاقي

Identify & Prioritize the Most Important Behavioral Characteristics of Ethical Leaders

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ: ﻧﺒﻮد رﻫﺒﺮان اﺧﻠﺎﻗﯽ و ﺗﺸﺪﯾﺪ رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ﻏﯿﺮاﺧﻠﺎﻗﯽ از ﺟﺪيﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﭼﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎنﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ آن روﺑﺮو ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ و ﻟﺬا ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻧﻘﺶ رﻫﺒﺮي در ﺷﮑﻞﮔﯿﺮي رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎي اﺧﻠﺎﻗﯽ ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ و اوﻟﻮﯾﺖﺑﻨﺪي ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي رﻓﺘﺎري رﻫﺒﺮان اﺧﻠﺎﻗﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﺪ راﻫﻨﻤﺎي ﭘﯿﺎدهﺳﺎزي رﻫﺒﺮي اﺧﻠﺎﻗﯽ در ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. روش: اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻫﺪف، ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي و ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻧﺤﻮهي ﮔﺮدآوري دادهﻫﺎ، از ﻧﻮع ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ-ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري اول، ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎن داﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ و ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ 15 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ )اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺑﺎ روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي ﻫﺪفﻣﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪي اﺷﺒﺎع ﻧﻈﺮي( و 37 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻧﺎﻣﻪ )اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺑﺎ روش ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺮﻓﯽ( ﺑﻮد. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري دوم، ﻣﺪﯾﺮان ﭘﺎﯾﻪ، ﻣﯿﺎﻧﯽ و ارﺷﺪ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎنﻫﺎي دوﻟﺘﯽ اﺳﺘﺎن اﺻﻔﻬﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد 2000 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ 322 ﻧﻔﺮ )ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﮐﻮﮐﺮان( ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﯿﻮه ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺧﻮﺷﻪاي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. دادهﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪاي، ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﺘﻮن و ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﮔﺮدآوري و ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ آﻧﻬﺎ از آزﻣﻮن رﺗﺒﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﻓﺮﯾﺪﻣﻦ، ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: 101 ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي رﻓﺘﺎري رﻫﺒﺮان اﺧﻠﺎﻗﯽ ﮐﻪ در 18 وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﮐﻠﯿﺪي ﺑﺮاي اﯾﻦ رﻫﺒﺮان دﺳﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ، ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ و اوﻟﻮﯾﺖﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ در ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﻣﺪﯾﺮان ﺳﺎزﻣﺎنﻫﺎي دوﻟﺘﯽ اﺳﺘﺎن اﺻﻔﻬﺎن ﻣﻮرد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و ﺗﺎﯾﯿﺪ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس آزﻣﻮن رﺗﺒﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﻓﺮﯾﺪﻣﻦ، وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي اﻧﺼﺎف و ﻋﺪاﻟﺖ، ﺻﺪاﻗﺖ و درﺳﺖﮐﺎري، اﺣﺘﺮام، ﻧﻮعدوﺳﺘﯽ، ﺧﺪﻣﺖﮔﺬاري، اﯾﻔﺎي ﻧﻘﺶ اﻟﮕﻮي رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎي اﺧﻠﺎﻗﯽ، ﺧﻮشﺑﯿﻨﯽ و ﺧﯿﺮاﻧﺪﯾﺸﯽ، ﺛﺒﺎت رﻓﺘﺎري و ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪﻫﺎ و رﻫﻨﻤﻮدﻫﺎي اﺧﻠﺎﻗﯽ ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﺎﺗﺮﯾﻦ اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ را ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد اﺧﺘﺼﺎص دادهاﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي رﻓﺘﺎري رﻫﺒﺮان اﺧﻠﺎﻗﯽ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ در وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﮐﻠﯿﺪي دﺳﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪي و اوﻟﻮﯾﺖﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎ، راﻫﻨﻤﺎي ﻋﻤﻠﯽ ﭘﯿﺎدهﺳﺎزي رﻫﺒﺮي اﺧﻠﺎﻗﯽ در ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺑﻮده و ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﺷﻔﺎف ﭼﻬﺎرﭼﻮب اﻟﮕﻮي رﻓﺘﺎري رﻫﺒﺮان را ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ.

Background: The lack of ethical leaders and the escalation of unethical behaviors is one of the most serious challenges that organizations face and therefore the study of the role of leadership in the formation of ethical behaviors has been highlighted. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize the most important behavioral characteristics of ethical leaders that can guide the implementation of ethical leadership in the organization. Method: This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection. The first statistical population was academic and organizational experts with a sample size of 15 people for interviews (selection by purposive sampling method up to the stage of theoretical saturation) and 37 people for distribution of questionnaires (selection by snowball method). The second statistical population was the basic, middle and senior managers of government organizations in Isfahan province with 2000 people with a sample size of 322 people (using Cochran's formula) who were selected by cluster random sampling. Data were collected through library studies, interviews and review of texts and questionnaires, and Friedman ranking test, correlation analysis and factor analysis were used to analyze them. Results: 101 indicators were identified and prioritized as the most important behavioral indicators of ethical leaders, which are classified into 18 key characteristics for these leaders. The results were evaluated and confirmed in the statistical population of managers of government organizations in Isfahan province. According to Friedman ranking test, the characteristics of fairness and justice, honesty and integrity, respect, altruism, service, role model of moral behavior, optimism and benevolence, behavioral stability and moral advice and guidance are the highest priority. Conclusion: As a result of this study, the most important behavioral characteristics of moral leaders were identified, which are categorized and prioritized in key characteristics. These indicators are a practical guide to the implementation of ethical leadership in the organization and clearly define the behavioral pattern of leaders.