ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار ﺑﺮ اﺧﻠﺎق ﺣﺮﻓﻪاي ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﯿﻦ رﺳﻤﯽ در ﻣﺮاﮐﺰ ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪي

Identifying the Factors Affecting Professional Ethics of Official Caregivers in Senior Centers

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ: ﻣﺮاﮐﺰ ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪي از اﺟﺰاي ﻣﻬﻢ ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺖ ﻃﻮﻟﺎﻧﯽﻣﺪت ﺑﻪﺣﺴﺎب آﻣﺪه و ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﯿﻦ از اﺻﻠﯽﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﻫﺪف ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار ﺑﺮ اﺧﻠﺎق ﺣﺮﻓﻪاي ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﯿﻦ رﺳﻤﯽ در ﻣﺮاﮐﺰ ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪي اﺳﺖ. روش: ﻧﻮع ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ و روش آن ﮔﺮاﻧﺪد ﺗﺌﻮري ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎن آﺷﻨﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪي و ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﯿﻦ رﺳﻤﯽ ﺷﺎﻏﻞ در ﻣﺮاﮐﺰ ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري زﻧﺎن ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪ و ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﺮاﮐﺰ ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان زن ﺑﻮد. از ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ 15 ﻣﺮاﻗﺐ و 20 ﺧﺒﺮه ﺑﺎ روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي ﻧﻈﺮي ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻫﺪف ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري اﻃﻠﺎﻋﺎت ازﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻋﻤﯿﻖ وﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﻣﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻮاﻟﺎت ﺑﺎزاﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ داده ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏ اﺷﺘﺮاوس و ﮐﻮرﺑﯿﻦ" و روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ، ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪاي ﻣﺪاوم ﺑﺎ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎن ﻓﻦ دﻟﻔﯽ( ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﮐﺪﻫﺎي ﺑﻪدﺳﺖآﻣﺪه از ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪﻫﺎ در 6 زﯾﺮ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ؛ آﮔﺎﻫﯽ از ﻧﺤﻮه ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺖ، وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﻓﺮدي ﻣﺮاﻗﺐ و ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪ، ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﺑﺎرﮐﺎري، ﻣﯿﺰان ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﻣﯿﺎن ﻣﺮاﻗﺐ و ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪ، ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺘﯽ ﻫﻤﮑﺎران و ﻧﺤﻮه ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻫﺮﯾﮏ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺗﺴﻬﯿﻞ ﯾﺎ ﻣﻤﺎﻧﻌﺖ در ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺖ ﻣﯽﮔﺮدﯾﺪﻧﺪ. زﯾﺮ ﻃﺒﻘﺎت ﺑﻪ ﺳﻪﻃﺒﻘﻪ اﺻﻠﯽ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻓﺮدي و ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﮐﺎري و ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪ ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺗﺠﺎرب ﺷﺮﮐﺖﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن؛ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺗﺴﻬﯿﻞ ﮔﺮ و ﺑﺎزدارﻧﺪه ﺑﻨﺎ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ ﺧﻮد ﺑﺎ اﯾﺠﺎد ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺖ و ﯾﺎ ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺖ در اراﺋﻪ ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪ، ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺮ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﯽ رﻋﺎﯾﺖ اﺧﻠﺎق ﺣﺮﻓﻪاي ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﯿﻦ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﺗﻘﻮﯾﺖ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺗﺴﻬﯿﻞ ﮔﺮ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ارﺗﻘﺎى داﻧﺶ ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﯿﻦ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ آﻣﻮزش ﻧﺤﻮه ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺖ، ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ اﻣﮑﺎﻧﺎت ، ﺗﻤﻬﯿﺪ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺖ و ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎي ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺘﯽ دوﺳﺘﺪار ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺗﻮﻓﯿﻖ ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﯿﻦ در اراﺋﻪ وﻇﺎﯾﻒ ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد.

Background: Centers of long-term care and their caregivers are the most important resources. The aim of this study is to identify factors affecting the professional ethics of official caregivers in old age centers. Method: The type of qualitative research and its method is theoretical. The statistical population included experts familiar with the management of geriatric human resources and formal caregivers working in nursing homes and the research environment of nursing homes. Fifteen caregivers and 20 experts were selected from the target population by theoretical sampling method. The extraction of variables done with the Strauss and Corbin technique and the analysis method was a constant comparison with the opinion of the experts (Delphi technique). Results: The codes derived from the analysis of interviews in 6 subcategories: knowledge of care, caring and elderly personality traits, workload experience, effective communication between caregiver and elderly, support system of colleagues and management, each of which facilitated or prevented by nature In the process of care. Subclasses were categorized into the main threefold of individual factors and working factors and factors related to the elderly. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the participants' experiences, facilitators and inhibitors factors, based on their nature, by facilitating or enhancing the care of the elderly, can be effective in respecting the observance of professional ethics by caregivers. Strengthening the facilitators through advancement of caregivers' knowledge by educating how to care, providing facilities, equipping them with care and designing older age care systems will lead caregivers to fulfill their duties.