پديد آورندگان :
نصيري لاكه، محمد دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد رشت , مولايي هشجين، نصراله دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد رشت - گروه جغرافيا , پوررمضان، عيسي دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد رشت - گروه جغرافيا
كليدواژه :
توسعه روستايي , مديريت روستايي , توسعه اقتصادي - اجتماعي , گيلان
چكيده فارسي :
شناسايي نقاط ضعف، قوت، فرصت‌ها و تهديدهاي نظام فعلي مديريت روستايي، و اصلاح نظام مديريت روستايي، شرايط را جهت توسعه روستاها، از نظر ابعاد اجتماعي – فرهنگي و اقتصادي فراهم مي كند. هدف پژوهش بررسي نظام مديريت روستايي و توسعه اقتصادي، اجتماعي و فرهنگي روستايي در ناحيه مركزي گيلان است. در راستاي دستيابي به هدف پژوهش، اطلاع از وضعيت و سطح توسعه يافتگي شهرستان هاي مورد مطالعه در ابعاد پنجگانه با بهره گيري از روش تحقيق توصيفي ـ تحليلي و با استفاده از ابزار مشاهده مستقيم در بازديد از اقدامات دهياري ها در ابعاد مختلف توسعه استفاده شد و سپس از طريق ابزار مصاحبه با متخصصان، مديران و دست اندركاران مديريت روستايي و توزيع پرسشنامه، جمع آوري نظرات آنان انجام گرفته است در اين پژوهش نتايج حاصل از عوامل مؤثر بر توسعه روستايي از ديدگاه مديران و كارشناسان در امور روستا توسط پرسشنامه مورد ارزيابي قرار گرفته است. داده ها و اطلاعات توسط نرم‌افزار SPSS در دو سطح توصيفي و استنباطي ارائه شد. نتايج پژوهش نشان داد كه در بعد اقتصادي، گويه‌هاي «برآورد و تنظيم بودجه سالانه دهياري»، «صدور پروانه كسب»، «تأثير بهبود مديريت نوين بر توسعه اقتصادي روستا»، «انواع بيمه هاي روستايي» و «تهيه طرح ها و پيشنهادات اصلاحي» در بخش اقتصادي با كسب بيشترين امتيازات، نسبت به ساير گويه‌ها از اهميت بالايي برخوردارند و تأثيرگذاري بيشتري دارند. همچنين در بعد اجتماعي ـ فرهنگي نيز گويه‌هاي «همكاري با سازمان ثبت احوال»، «شناخت كمبودهاي اجتماعي و ارائه طرح»، «معرفي خانواده هاي بي سرپرست به بهزيستي»، «فراهم كردن امكانات فرهنگي، آموزشي و تهيه طرح» با كسب بيشترين امتيازات، نسبت به ساير گويه‌ها تأثيرگذاري بيشتري دارند.
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction
The rural management system in Iran has undergone complex transformations in terms of socio-economic structures over the years, and efficient management void in rural areas in the long run, especially in recent decades, has posed many obstacles for villagers.
In this regard, it is necessary to explain the importance of local management in all dimensions and explain the role of local managers in performing tasks in rural areas in order to increase productivity, efficiency. After the formation of Islamic councils, and subsequently the establishment of rural municipality paved the way for giving the people the authority to manage. This leads to social capital in these areas, which can follow ensue further development.
In the present study, we first identify the weaknesses, strengths, opportunities and threats of the current rural management system, and then by reforming the rural management system, it provided conditions for the socio-cultural and economic development of villages in the central region of Guilan Province. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the rural management system and rural economic and socio-cultural development in the central region of Guilan Province.
Methodology
According to the purpose, nature and method, this study is considered as an applied and descriptive-analytical research, respectively. In order to achieve the purpose of the research, the technique of direct observation was utilized in five dimensions to obtain data on the status and level of development of the studied counties. The statistical population of the study is the central area of Guilan province, villages depending on their height above the sea level are in two classes: coastal-plain and foothill-mountain. In order to select the samples in the villages of each county in the central region two criteria of population and geographical situation were considered. 120 villages were randomly selected from the villages from six counties of the region. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods as well as SPSS software were used to explain the central tendency and variability. Tables based on the T test and Arc GIS was used to produce the maps.
Discussion and conclusion
In this study, rural development in the central region of Guilan has been studied as a dependent variable in both economic and socio-cultural dimensions. In order to study rural management in two socio-cultural and economic dimensions, 33 items are considered "socio-cultural" and 31 items are considered "economic".
The item of raising the level of scientific knowledge of the villagers has obtained the lowest average score (3.17) in a total of 33 items studied in the socio-cultural dimension. In general, the average score of all social items is 3.71, which is higher than the mean, or 3, so it can be concluded that the improvement of rural management system is effective for socio-cultural development of villages. Also, the improvement of rural management system provides the socio-cultural development of the villages. It was also found that the items of cooperation with the Civil Registration Organization, recognizing social and cultural deficiencies and suggesting plans, introducing orphaned kids to support institutions, providing cultural and educational facilities and preparing support plans were among the most important items.
In general, the average score of all economic items is 3.55, which is higher than the mean, or 3, so it can be concluded that improving the rural management system is effective on rural economic development. The items “estimation and regulation of annual rural budget", “business licensing", "impact of improving new management on rural economic development", "types of rural insurance" and "preparation of reform plans and proposals" in the economic sector with the highest scores, thereby are more important and effective than other items.
According to the findings of the present study, rural management in the central region of Guilan has economic and socio-cultural disadvantages. Therefore, suggestions in each of the dimensions of economic and socio-cultural development are presented as follows:
Predicting credits and facilities to support rural entrepreneurship according to the capacities of each village.
Preparing priority employment-generating plans in order to enjoy government support from the executive management of the villages based on the capabilities of each of the villages in the district.
Holding educational programs for Islamic village councils and rural governors relating to their various duties, rights and laws and regulations.
Holding rural employment and entrepreneurship training courses for villagers in the central area of Guilan.
