پديد آورندگان :
موحد، علي دانشگاه خوارزمي تهران - گروه جغرافيا و برنامه ريزي گردشگري , قاسمي، مسلم دانشگاه خوارزمي تهران - گروه جغرافيا و برنامه ريزي گردشگري , اروجي، ليلا دانشگاه خوارزمي تهران
كليدواژه :
كارآفريني , اقتصاد روستايي , گردشگري روستايي , سكونتگاه هاي روستايي , بخش الموت قزوين
چكيده فارسي :
كارآفريني يكي از رويكردهاي توسعه مناطق روستايي در ابعاد مختلف اقتصادي، اجتماعي و زيست‌محيطي است و نقش مهمي به‌عنوان يك راهبرد در بخش گردشگري دارد. فعاليت‌هاي كارآفريني مي‌تواند تأثيرات مهمي در بخش‌هاي مختلف نواحي روستايي و مقصدهاي گردشگري روستايي داشته و تغيير و تحولات مهمي در اين مقصدها ايجاد نمايد. بخش الموت شهرستان قزوين با داشتن منابع و توان هاي گردشگري روستايي همراه با ظرفيت‌هاي گردشگري بوم‌گردي و فرهنگي، يكي از مناطقي است كه در يك دهه گذشته با رشد گردشگري و فعاليت‌هاي كارآفريني همراه بوده است. هدف اصلي پژوهش، سنجش ميزان و دامنه تأثيرات و پيامدهاي برنامه‌هاي كارآفريني بر تغيير و تحولات مقصدهاي گردشگري روستايي در ابعاد مختلف است. اين تحقيق از نوع كاربردي و ازنظر ماهيت داده‌ها، يك پژوهش تركيبي كمي- كيفي است. براي اين منظور ابتدا از طريق مجموعه مطالعات كتابخانه‌اي و ميداني، فعاليت‌هاي كارآفريني انجام‌شده در يك دهه گذشته شناسايي‌شده و سپس تغييرات مقصدهاي گردشگري روستايي در چهار بعد اقتصادي، مديريتي- انساني، اجتماعي- فرهنگي و كالبدي-فيزيكي مشخص شد. جامعه آماري اصلي پژوهش، گروه كارشناسان شامل دهيار و شوراهاي مقصدهاي گردشگري روستايي، محققان و پژوهشگران آشنا با منطقه و صاحبان كسب‌وكارهاي گردشگري بودند كه با توجه به محدود بودن تعداد آن‌ها، كليه اين جامعه كه 30 كارشناس مسلط بودند، در نظر گرفته شد. همچنين مردم محلي نيز به‌عنوان جامعه آماري مكمل به‌صورت كيفي و شيوه اشباع نظري جهت تكميل اطلاعات بررسي شد. تجزيه‌وتحليل داده‌ها نيز با استفاده از شاخص‌ها و آزمون‌ها و تحليل‌هاي آماري در كنار تحليل‌هاي كيفي انجام‌شده است. نتايج تحقيق نشان مي‌دهد فعاليت‌هاي كارآفريني داراي تنوع مطلوبي است و مي‌تواند بر كليه بخش‌هاي مقصدهاي روستايي تأثيرگذار باشد و ابعاد مختلف را پوشش دهد. با اين وجود سطح تأثيرات و پيامدهاي كارآفريني بر تغييرات مقصد عمدتاً در سطح متوسط رو به بالا بوده و ميزان تأثيرپذيري مقصدها از برنامه‌هاي كارآفريني، نسبي است.
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction
Entrepreneurship is one of the development approaches of rural areas in various dimensions including economic, social and environmental. It also plays an important role as a leading strategy in the tourism sector. Entrepreneurial programs and activities can have important effects on the dimensions, indicators and different sectors of rural areas and rural tourism destinations resulting in important changes and developments in these destinations. Alamut district situated within Qazvin city, having its rural tourism resources and capabilities along with ecotourism and cultural tourism capacities, is one of the areas that has been associated with tourism growth and entrepreneurial activities in the past decade. The main purpose of this study is to assess the extent and scope of the effects and consequences of entrepreneurship programs on the changes and developments of rural tourism destinations within different dimensions.
Methodology
This research is of applied type and in terms of the nature of data, it is a quantitative-qualitative combined research. For this purpose, first through a series of library and field studies, the set of entrepreneurial activities carried out in the past decade was identified and then the dimensions and indicators of rural tourism destinations in four dimensions of economic, managerial-human, socio-cultural and physical-spatial were identified. The main statistical population of the study was the group of experts including village councils and rural tourism researchers and scholars familiar with the region and the tourism businesses owners. Local people were also examined as a complementary statistical population in terms of quality and theoretical saturation method to complete the information. Data analysis was performed using indicators and statistical analysis alongside with qualitative analysis.
Discussion and Conclusion
The results show limited effects of entrepreneurship on the economic indicators of villages. Entrepreneurship has not been able to have significant effects on any economic indicators and the main effects are moderate and sometimes upward. Also in the socio-cultural dimension, entrepreneurial activities have not been able to make significant changes in the villages of Alamut, and these changes, which have been mainly positive, are limited. Entrepreneurial activities have a relative and moderate impact on the growth of the number of creative people and indigenous or non-indigenous entrepreneurs in rural areas, and to some extent have provided the ground for officials to communicate with entrepreneurs. In the physical-spatial dimension, the effects of entrepreneurship have been positive and negative. The average effects of entrepreneurship on the physical-spatial dimension are at a moderate and relative level. Entrepreneurship has had very little impact only on the level of protection of natural resources, but has had relative effects on the development of rural infrastructure and the level of infrastructure. However, the type of effects in this section is positive and negative. In the study of villages from the perspective of variability of entrepreneurship, Gazerkhan village, Garmarud and Evan village are in the first priority of change. Evan village has faced relative economic and physical-spatial changes due to the existence of Lake Evan and constructions, services and recreational complexes, and the structure of the village as well as the culture of the people and their social relations have been accompanied by changes. In other villages, the effects of entrepreneurship are small and limited, and in fact, entrepreneurship has not been able to make significant changes in these villages.
In generally, the results show that the level of effects and consequences of entrepreneurship on destination changes is mainly at a moderate to high level while the degree of influence of destinations from entrepreneurship programs is relative. In general, the necessary planning should be done to manage the destination in order to prevent potential threats in order to reach the optimal level of development. Although entrepreneurship has caused relative and moderate changes in various dimensions in the tourist villages of Alamut, but these cases do not mean a great change in Alamut tourism and the changes have been very slow and gradual and it cannot be said that there is no particular change in rural tourism has been created. However, although the effects are limited and cannot be considered a change, but since the changes in destinations have been evident over the years, so it can be used as a strategy and program to change tourism in rural destinations in Alamut. Another noteworthy point is that the effects of entrepreneurship on all dimensions are the same and equal, which indicates that the level of entrepreneurial activities due to its limited scope, has not had much difference on different dimensions.
