ارزيابي ارتباط ناامني غذايي و پايداري اقتصادي، اجتماعي و زيست‌محيطي (مورد مطالعه: مناطق روستايي شهرستان گرگان)

Assessing the Relationship between Food Insecurity and Agricultural Sustainability (Case Study: Rural areas of Gorgan County)

پس از اجلاس سران زمين در سال 2009، بر اهميت پايداري به منظور حفظ محيط زيست، نظام­ هاي زراعي و امنيت غذايي به عنوان بخشي از پايداري (و برعكس) تأكيد شده است. در همين راستا، اين بررسي به‌منظور ارزيابي ارتباط ناامني غذايي و پايداري زراعي در شهرستان گرگان در سال زراعي 99-1398 انجام شده است. آمار و اطلاعات بر مبناي دو نوع پرسشنامه كشاورزان و متخصصان (براي وزن­دهي معيارها و زيرمعيارهاي پايداري) گردآوري گرديد. براي سنجش امنيت غذايي از شاخص راهبرد مقابله­ اي و براي سنجش پايداري از روش تحليل سلسله مراتبي استفاده شد. براي ارزيابي ارتباط ناامني غذايي و پايداري از ضريب همبستگي پيرسون استفاده شد. بر مبناي معيار تجميع شده پايداري، دهستان استرآباد شمالي با وزن 0/236 به‌عنوان پايدارترين دهستان انتخاب شد. دهستان­ هاي قرق، روشن‌آباد، انجيراب و استرآباد جنوبي با وزن­هاي 0/199، 0/197، 0/195 و 0/173 در اولويت‌هاي بعدي قرار دارند. بر مبناي معيار زيست ­محيطي، استرآباد جنوبي با نمره 0/216، بر مبناي معيار اقتصادي، استرآباد شمالي با نمره 0/249 و بر مبناي معيار اجتماعي، روشن ­آباد با نمره 204/0 بالاترين سطح پايداري را داشتند. همچنين، بر مبناي شاخص راهبرد مقابله ­اي­ 14 خانوار (4/67 %) امنيت ­غذايي، 211 خانوار (70/33 %) ناامني­ غذايي ضعيف، 54 خانوار (18 %) ناامني­ غذايي متوسط و 21 خانوار (7 %) ناامني غذايي شديد را تجربه مي­ كنند. همچنين بين ناامني­ غذايي و پايداري كل، اقتصادي و زيست‌محيطي همبستگي شديد منفي وجود دارد. با توجه به اهميت پايداري كشاورزي در بهبود امنيت غذايي پيشنهاد مي ­شود سياست­گذاران همگام با رشد امنيت غذايي، پيامدهاي تخريب محيط­ زيست را بررسي و ارزيابي كنند.

Introduction: Since the 2009 Earth Summit, the importance of sustainability in order to protect the environment, cropping systems and food security has been emphasized as part of sustainability. In this regard, the present study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between food insecurity and agricultural sustainability in Gorgan County in the 2019-2020 year. Materials and Method: Data was collected based on two types of questionnaires of farmers and specialists (for weighting criteria and sub-criteria of sustainability). The coping strategy index was used to measure food security and analytical hierarchy process was used to measure agricultural sustainability. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the relationship between food insecurity and agricultural sustainability. Results and discussion: Based on the aggregated sustainability criterion, North Esterabad with a weight of 0.236 was selected as the most sustainable village. Ghorogh, Roshanabad, Anjirab and South Esterabad villages with weights of 0.199, 0.197, 0.195 and 0.173 are in the next priorities. According to the environmental criterion, South Esterabad with a score of 0.216, according to the economic criterion, North Esterabad with a score of 0.249 and according to the social criteria, Roshanabad with a score of 0.204 had the highest level of sustainability. Also, according to the coping strategy index, 14 households (4.67%) had food security, 211 households (70.33%) had poor food insecurity, 54 households (18%) had moderate food insecurity and 21 households (7 %) Experience severe food insecurity. There is also a strong negative correlation between food insecurity and overall, economic and environmental sustainability. Suggestion: Given the importance of agricultural sustainability in improving food security, it is suggested that policymakers design and implement policies in order to improve economics, social and environmental sustainability that have negative effects on food insecurity.