كليدواژه :
اسلام , زرتشت , قرآن , محيط زيست , ونديداد
چكيده فارسي :
در مقالۀ حاضر، آموزه‌هاي محيط زيستي طبيعي اسلام و زرتشت با تكيه بر دو كتاب قرآن و ونديداد به‌صورت تطبيقي و استناد كتابخانه‌اي بررسي شده است. اشاره‌هاي محيط زيستي قرآن، علاوه بر اهداف اوليه و ظاهري مانند حفظ محيط زيست، نهي از تباهي و آلودگي آن، تشويق به بهره‌وري صحيح از نعمت‌هاي الهي، به اهدافي با لايه‌هاي فراظاهري چون التفات به مالكيت حقيقي خدا در طبيعت، رسيدن انسان به شهود خدا، توجه انسان به مقام خليفة‌اللهي‌اش و مقدمه‌بودن طبيعت ناسوت براي رسيدن به ملكوت لاهوت نيز تنبّه مي‌دهد. اين در حالي است كه آموزه‌هاي محيط زيست طبيعي ونديداد گرچه در اصلِ آبادي و نفي تباهي محيط زيستي با قرآن مشترك است، بيشتر به بيان‌هاي جزئي در قالب اصل تقدّس عناصر چهارگانه و گاهي معارض با عبارات خود يا علم تجربي جديد پرداخته است. از ثمره‌هاي مطالعۀ آموزه‌هاي محيط زيستي در اسلام و زرتشت، جهت‌دادن به آموزه‌هاي محيط زيستي و مرتبط‌ساختن آن با مسئلۀ انتظار براي رسيدن بشر به دوران طلايي سوشيانس و مهدي(ع) است؛ زيرا طبيعت در آن دوران تمام استعداد بالقوّه خود را به فعليت مي‌رساند و اكوسيستم طبيعي در بهترين حالت ممكن قرار مي‌گيرد.
چكيده لاتين :
The present study deals with the natural ecological teachings of Islam and Zoroastrianism in a comparative way and a library citation method, based on two books of the Quran and Vendidad. The Quran's environmental references to nature, in addition to the primary purposes of its verses, such as protecting the environment, forbidding destruction and corruption, and encouraging the proper productivity of divine blessings, to goals with more inner layers. It is necessary to pay attention to God's true ownership of the elements of the natural environment, man's attainment of God's intuition by observing the nature around him, man's attention to the position of his divine caliph, and the preamble of all Nasut's nature to the kingdom of Lahout. What can be inferred in the Qur'an as a way to address environmental teachings are goals such as proving the Creator and the Lordship and proprietary providence of God and the Resurrection, paying attention to the origin of existence and the origin of beings, and encouraging practical attention to Faith and charity in the way of God considering the influence of transcendental and religious factors. There are some teachings in the Zoroastrian religion that directly and indirectly affect the view of the Zoroastrian man towards the environment and its preservation and development, such as respect for nature and sanctification of some important components such as the four elements, and some special animals such as dogs and cows and the importance of agriculture and animal husbandry and giving to clients for any category of creatures such as Amrdad for plants, and also giving direction to the future of the people of Zoroaster based on the prediction of the coming of Sushyans and that the earth in his time will be full of blessings and fertility and growth. The same is true of the promised Mahdi (AS) of Islam. The natural environmental teachings of the Qur'an and Vendidad are essentially common to the denial of corruption and environmental degradation. Sometimes some of these spells appear in conflict with the experimental sciences or the principles of primitive hygiene, such as washing with cow dung as a purification of the menstruating woman and leaving the dead in the crypt or the house of the dead person. However, they have tried to reduce the environmental damage by justifying that the crypt is a place out of reach and enclosed by humans and animals and that the cleaned bones are placed on top of the mountain for vultures. However, there is evidence that some Indian Persians have been involved in this practice, and in recent decades, according to the jurisprudential ruling of the Association of Priests, these forms of adaptation have not been or will not be implemented. Some Zoroastrian scholars also consider such Vendidad teachings to be the result of the distortion of the original Zoroastrian teachings by some priests and Moghans or the natural course of history on ancient texts that must be adapted and separated from the Ghats.
