تحليل چگونگي تأثيرپذيري اعتبار قراردادي از واقعيت تأملي بر نوع ارتباط اعتبار و واقعيت تجربي ـ اجتماعي در حقوق

Taking a Voluntarism or Realistic Approach in Analytically Investigating the Influence of Empirical Reality on Contract Establishment and Performance

حقوق، ماهيتي اعتباري دارد؛ ماهيتي كه از واقعيت تجربي و اجتماعي قابل تفكيك است. با اين حال، در صورتي مي توان به دوگانه اعتبار و واقعيت قايل بود كه امر اعتباري را، مستقل از واقعيت بدانيم و آن دو را، دو ساحت متفاوت بنگريم. قرارداد نيز امري اعتباري است. آيا اصرار بر تفكيك آن از واقعيت ضرورت دارد؟ چه آثاري بر اين استقلال مترتب است؟ اگر نتيجه استقلال قرارداد از واقعيت، استعلاي اعتبار قراردادي بر واقعيت باشد، آيا بالضروره قرارداد عادلانه اي را نتيجه خواهد داد؟ چالش هاي تبعيت محض اعتبار قراردادي از واقعيت چيست؟ آيا در اين صورت مي توان راي حقوق و به طور خاص قرارداد، كاركردي تحول گرا و تكاملي قايل بود؟ به نظر مي رسد، در صورتي مي توان اصل حاكميت اراده را در كنار اصل انصاف و يا اصل نفي عسر و حرج داشت كه رويكرد استعلايي و تبعيت محض را نفي كنيم و تنها بر تاثيرپذيري اعتبار قراردادي از واقعيت تاكيد كنيم.

Law has a constructed nature; the one which is distinguished from socio-empirical reality. Nevertheless, one can believe in dualism of contructionality and reality providing constructionality is independently thought to be different from reality and each of which has its distinct area. Furthermore, contract has a constructed nature. The question is whether there is an insist on its separation from reality; or what kind of effects would be followed by this independence? As long as this independence resulted in dominancy of contractual constructionality over reality, would it necessarily eventuate to have a fair contract? What are the challenges of pure dependency of contractual constructionality from reality? On the basis of this dependency, can one believe in the transformational and evolutionary function of law, particularly the contract? Denying both dominancy and pure dependency approaches, it sounds in all likelihood that it is the one and only way to keep the supremacy of will principle beside the principle of equity or the principle of the denial of distress and constriction; moreover, we should just emphasize how influenced the contractual constitutionality could be by the reality.