پديد آورندگان :
اله صفت، فاطمه دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد اسلامشهر - گروه فيزيولوژي ورزشي , كاظم زاده، ياسر دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد اسلامشهر - گروه فيزيولوژي ورزشي , صداقتي، سعيد دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد اسلامشهر - گروه مديريت ورزشي
كليدواژه :
كاراته , مواد مغذي , ورزش , وضعيت تغذيه
چكيده فارسي :
ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋه درﯾﺎﻓﺖ اﻧﺮژي و ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻐﺬي ﺿﺮوري و ﮐﺎﻓﯽ در ﺑﺎﻧﻮان ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮص ورزﺷﮑﺎران ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﺣﺎﺋﺰ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ اﺳﺖ. ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪاي ﮐﺎراﺗﻪ ﮐﺎران ﺗﯿﻢ ﻣﻠﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ.
ﻣﻮاد و روﺷﻬﺎ: اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ روي 15 ﮐﺎراﺗﻪ ﮐﺎر ﺗﯿﻢ ﻣﻠﯽ ﺑﺎﻧﻮان در رده ﺳﻨﯽ 14-18ﺳﺎل اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. دادهﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﺮم اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ و اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮيﻫﺎي ﺗﻦﺳﻨﺠﯽ ﺟﻤﻊآوري ﺷﺪ و ﻓﺮمﻫﺎي ﺛﺒﺖ ﻏﺬاي درﯾﺎﻓﺘﯽ و ﺛﺒﺖ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻫﻔﺖ روزه ﻧﯿﺰ ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻞ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. دادهﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰارﻫﺎي 4 Nutrition و Spss ﻧﺴﺨﻪ 22 ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻗﺮارﮔﺮﻓﺖ.
ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﮐﺎﻟﺮي درﯾﺎﻓﺘﯽ 540 ± 2368 و اﻧﺮژي ﻣﺼﺮﻓﯽ روزاﻧﻪ 354 ± 2446 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮐﺎﻟﺮي در روز ﺑﻮد. ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ درﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﮐﺮﺑﻮﻫﯿﺪرات، ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ و ﭼﺮﺑﯽ در ﺣﺪود ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ DRI ﺑﻮد. ﮐﺮﺑﻮﻫﯿﺪرات، ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ و ﭼﺮﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 55/36 ،14/52 ،30/11 درﺻﺪ از ﮐﻞ اﻧﺮژي درﯾﺎﻓﺘﯽ روزاﻧﻪ را ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﻣﯽداد. در ﺑﯿﻦ رﯾﺰ ﻣﻐﺬيﻫﺎ، ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ درﯾﺎﻓﺖ وﯾﺘﺎﻣﯿﻦE ،D، ﭘﯿﺮوﯾﺪوﮐﺴﯿﻦ، ﻓﻮﻻت، ﮐﻠﺴﯿﻢ و ﻣﻨﯿﺰﯾﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري ﮐﻤﺘﺮ و وﯾﺘﺎﻣﯿﻦﻫﺎي C ،K ،A، ﺗﯿﺎﻣﯿﻦ، رﯾﺒﻮﻓﻼوﯾﻦ، ﻧﯿﺎﺳﯿﻦ، ﭘﻨﺘﻮﺗﻨﯿﮏاﺳﯿﺪ، ﺑﯿﻮﺗﯿﻦ، ﮐﻮﺑﺎﻻﻣﯿﻦ، ﻓﺴﻔﺮ، آﻫﻦ، روي و ﻣﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﺷﺪه DRI ﺑﻮد.
ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪاي ﮐﺎراﺗﻪﮐﺎران در ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ رﯾﺰﻣﻐﺬيﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﺗﻔﺎوت در درﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻐﺬي ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﺷﺪه ﻣﻤﮑﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﺮ رﺷﺪ ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ورزﺷﯽ آﻧﻬﺎ اﺛﺮﮔﺬار ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل و ﺑﺎزﺑﯿﻨﯽ رژﯾﻢ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ اﯾﻦ ورزﺷﮑﺎران ﺿﺮوري ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽرﺳﺪ. در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ورزﺷﮑﺎران ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪاي )ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ، ﺣﯿﻦ و ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ( و آﺷﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮوه ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ.
چكيده لاتين :
Background Purpose: Proper nutrition, especially essential energy and nutrients intake, is very important, particularly for women athletes. This study was conducted to investigate the nutritional status of Iranian national karate athletes.
Methodology: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 15 Iranian women karate athletes of the national team aged 14-18. The required data were collected using general information questionnaires, and food and 7-day activity diaries were also kept. The data were analyzed using Nutrition 4 and SPSS 22.
Results: The average calorie intake was 2368 ± 540 and the daily energy intake was 2446 ± 354 kcal/day. The average carbohydrate, protein, and fat intake were within the recommended DRI values. Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats accounted for 55.36, 14.52, and 30.11 percent of the total daily energy intake, respectively. Regarding the micronutrients, the average intake of vitamins D, E, pyridoxine, folate, calcium and magnesium was significantly lower and vitamins A, K, C, Thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, biotin, cobalamin, Phosphorus, iron, zinc and copper were significantly higher than the recommended DRI values.
Conclusion: in terms of most of micronutrients, the nutritional status of karate athletes was different from standard values. The difference between the nutrient intake and the recommended doses may affect the athletes' physiological growth as well as their athletic function. Therefore, controlling and reviewing the athletes' diet seems essential. As a result, athletes need nutritional information (nutrition before, during, and after exercise) and the knowledge about different food groups.
