شناسايي و توكسينزايي گونههاي قارچ آسپرژِيلوس روي جيرة غذايي طيور در شهرستان خرم آباد

Identification and Toxinogenesis of Aspergillus spp. fungus on poultry diet in Khorramabad

ﺗﻮﮐﺴﯿﻦ ﻫﺎي ﻗﺎرﭼﯽ ﻣﺴﺌﻮل ﺑﺴﯿﺎري از ﺑﯿﻤﺎري ﻫﺎ و اﭘﯿﺪﻣﯽ ﻫﺎي اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ و داﻣﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﻣﻮاد ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ اﻧﺴﺎن، ﺧﻮراك دام و ﻃﯿﻮر در ﻧﻘﺎط ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺟﻬﺎن ﻫﻤﻮاره ﻣﻮرد ﺣﻤﻠﻪ ﻗﺎرچ ﻫﺎ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽ ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ، ازﺟﻤﻠﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻗﺎرچ ﻫﺎ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي آﺳﭙﺮژﯾﻠﻮس ﻣﻮﻟﺪ آﻓﻼﺗﻮﮐﺴﯿﻦ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺟﺪاﯾﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﮐﺴﯿﻦ زاي ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي آﺳﭙﺮژﯾﻠﻮس در30 ﻣﺮﻏﺪاري ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺧﺮم آﺑﺎد اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺗﻌﺪاد 180 ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ از ﺟﯿﺮه ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﻃﯿﻮر ﺟﻤﻊ آوري و ﺑﻪ آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎه ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﮐﺸﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﯿﺐ زﻣﯿﻨﯽ، دﮐﺴﺘﺮوز، آﮔﺎر )PDA( و ﻋﺼﺎرة ﻣﺨﻤﺮ آﮔﺎر )MEA( ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي و ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺳﺎزي ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺳﭙﺲ ﺟﺪاﯾﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﮐﻠﯿﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻗﺎرچ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ و ﻣﻘﺎﻻت ﻣﻮرد ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮐﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﺗﻮﮐﺴﯿﻦ زاﯾﯽ اﯾﻦ ﻗﺎرچ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﮐﺸﺖ ﻧﺎرﮔﯿﻞ آﮔﺎر، ﮐﺮوﻣﺎﺗﻮﮔﺮاﻓﯽ ﻻﯾﻪ ﻧﺎزك )TLC( و ﮐﺮوﻣﺎﺗﻮﮔﺮاﻓﯽ ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎرﮐﺮد ﺑﺎﻻ )HPLC( ﺑﺮ روي ﺑﺴﺘﺮة ذرت و ﺑﺎدام زﻣﯿﻨﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ در ﺟﯿﺮة ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﻃﯿﻮر در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع 38 ﺟﺪاﯾﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪ. ذرت ﺑﺎ 20 ﺟﺪاﯾﻪ )66/6 درﺻﺪ( و ﭘﺲ دان ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺟﺪاﯾﻪ )10 درﺻﺪ( ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ داراي ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ و ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﮐﺸﺖ ﻧﺎرﮔﯿﻞ آﮔﺎر و TLC ﺗﻮﮐﺴﯿﻦ زاﯾﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از ﺟﺪاﯾﻪ ﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﻗﺎرچ ﺑﻪ اﺛﺒﺎت رﺳﯿﺪ و در آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻫﺎي HPLC ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ اﯾﻦ ﻗﺎرچ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻬﺎر ﻧﻮع اﻓﻼﺗﻮﮐﺴﯿﻦ G1 ،B2 ،B1 وG2 را دارد. ﻟﺬا ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻀﻮر ﺟﺪاﯾﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﻮﮐﺴﯿﻦ زاي اﯾﻦ ﻗﺎرچ ﺑﺮ روي ﺟﯿﺮه ﻫﺎي ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ و ﺑﯿﻤﺎري زا ﺑﻮدن آن ﻫﺎ، رﻋﺎﯾﺖ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ در ﺧﺼﻮص ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﺟﯿﺮه ﻫﺎي ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد

Fungal toxins are responsible for many human and animal diseases and epidemics. This study was performed to identify and investigate the toxicogenic isolates of Aspergillus species in 30 poultry farms in Khorramabad. The 180 samples of poultry diets were collected and transferred to the laboratory. The samples were isolated and purified using different culture media such as Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and Yeast Extract Agar (YEA). Then the isolates were identified using valid mycological keys and articles. The toxinogenesis of this fungus was investigated using coconut agar medium, thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on corn and peanut media. The results showed that 38 isolates were identified in the poultry diet. The corn with 20 isolates (66.6%) and finisher with three isolates (10%) had the highest and lowest frequencies, respectively. Also, by using coconut agar and TLC toxinogenesis, some of the isolates of this fungus have been proved and in HPLC experiments it was determined that this fungus has the ability to produce all four types of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2. So due to the presence of different toxinogenic isolates of this fungus on the diet and their pathogenicity, compliance with international standards of maintenance diets is recommended.