پديد آورندگان :
عبدي،فاطمه دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد آيت‌الله آملي - گروه زراعت، آمل، ايران , نيك نژاد، يوسف دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد آيت اله آملي - گروه زراعت، آمل، ايران , فلاح، هرمز دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد آيت‌الله آملي - گروه زراعت، آمل، ايران , دستان، سلمان پژوهشگاه بيوتكنولوژي كشاورزي ايران، كرج , براري تاري، داود دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد آيت‌الله آملي - گروه زراعت، آمل، ايران
كليدواژه :
باكتري هرباسپيريلوم , نانو سيليس , برنج , كارايي استفاده از عناصر , قارچ مايكوريز
چكيده فارسي :
كودهاي زيستي به‌عنوان نهاده‌هاي بوم‌سازگار مي‌توانند باعث كاهش مصرف كودهاي شيميايي و بهبود حاصلخيزي خاك شوند. مصرف كودهاي زيستي و سيليسيم به‌ويژه محلول‌پاشي نانوسيليس مي‌تواند در دستيابي به عملكرد مطلوب و پايدار و همچنين كاهش آلودگي محيط‌زيستي مؤثر باشد. از اين‌رو، اين پژوهش با هدف بررسي برهمكنش منابع كودي سيليسيم و فسفر بر شاخص‌هاي مرتبط به خوابيدگي بوته و مؤلفه‌هاي كمي و كيفي برنج در منطقه آمل طي سال‌هاي 1396 و 1397 انجام شد. آزمايش به‌صورت كرت‌هاي خرد شده در قالب طرح پايه بلوك‌هاي كامل تصادفي با سه تكرار اجرا شد. منابع مختلف كود سيليس شامل شاهد (عدم مصرف)، سيليكات كلسيم و سيليكات پتاسيم به‌صورت خاك مصرف و محلول‌پاشي نانوسيليكون به‌عنوان عامل اصلي و منابع مختلف كود فسفر شامل شاهد (عدم مصرف)، سوپرفسفات تريپل (100 كيلوگرم در هكتار)، باكتري هرباسپيريلوم + 50 كيلوگرم سوپرفسفات تريپل در هكتار و قارچ مايكوريز + 50 كيلوگرم سوپرفسفات تريپل در هكتار به‌عنوان عامل فرعي در نظر گرفته شدند. نتايج نشان داد هيچ كدام از صفات مورد مطالعه در آزمون بارتلت معني‌دار نشدند كه براي اين صفات تجزيه واريانس مركب انجام شد. كمترين شاخص خوابيدگي با محلول‌پاشي نانوسيليس حاصل شد. بالاترين ميزان عملكرد شلتوك (5147 كيلوگرم در هكتار) در اثرمتقابل محلول‌پاشي نانوسيليس و مصرف تركيبي فسفر + تلقيح باكتري به‌دست آمد كه از اين نظر نيز مصرف خالص فسفر و مصرف كود + تلقيح قارچ به‌ترتيب در رتبه‌هاي بعدي قرار گرفتند. بنابراين، محلول‌پاشي نانوسيليس و مصرف تركيبي كود + تلقيح بذر با باكتري مي‌تواند موجب افزايش عملكرد كمي و كيفي و كنترل بلاست برنج شود.
چكيده لاتين :
The major problem of paddy fields in Mazandaran province is the low solubility and uptake of phosphorus. This essential macro-element for plants is added to the soil as phosphorus fertilizer; but, the major part of this element is immobilized due to fixation in the soil and is unavailable for the crop plant (Zhu et al., 2011). The consequence is that farmers are turning to intensive farming and high consumption of chemical inputs (Ramezani & Hanifi, 2011). Therefore, to solve this problem, the plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPB) and plant growth promoting fungi (PGPF) in the rhizosphere as well as insecure phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and phosphate solubilizing fungi (PSF) can be considered as a solution for providing consuming phosphorus for the crops (Lavakush et al., 2014). Other key solutions to solving this problem is the consumption of silicon fertilizer sources, which can be very beneficial. In fact, silicon increases phosphate uptake due to convergence with phosphorus. In addition, silicon consumption reduces plant lodging index and pests and diseases of crops (Datnoff, 2011). Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of investigating the interaction of silicon and phosphorus fertilizer resources on the lodging indices and quantitative and qualitative parameters of rice.
Material and Methods
The experiments was conducted as split plots based on a randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) with three replications in Amol region during 2017 and 2018. Four levels of silicon fertilizer including control (non-consumption), spray of nano-silicon, soil consumption of potassium silicate and soil consumption of calcium silicate were used as main plots and four levels of phosphorous fertilizer including control (non-consumption), chemical fertilizer (100 kg P2O5 ha-1), 50 kg P2O5 ha-1 + Herbaspirillum seropodicae bacteria inoculation and 50 kg P2O5 ha-1 + mycorrhiza fungi (Gholusmosseae) inoculation were used as sub plots. During the growth period, after the removal of marginal effect, traits were randomly measured according to the Standard Evaluation System (SES) of the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). All statistical analysis was performed using the SAS software. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used by GLM procedure and the least significant difference (LSD) test was used to compare the differences among treatment means at a 5% probability level.
Results and Discussion
In order to investigate the effect of silicon and phosphorous consumption on rice in the two years, firstly the data were measured by using the Bartlett method of variance homogeneity test. The results demonstrated that all the investigated traits were non-significant in the Bartlett's test, for which combined analysis of variance was performed. The lowest lodging index was obtained by spraying nano-silicon. But, the lodging index with phosphorus treatment was vs silicon usage that the highest lodging index was obtained by using chemical fertilizer + bacteria inoculation. The highest paddy yield (5147 kg ha-1) was obtained at interaction of nano-silicon spraying and using chemical fertilizer + bacteria inoculation, in this regard, chemical fertilizer treatment along with using chemical fertilizer + fungi inoculation got ranks next, respectively. Spray of nano-silicon leads to higher uptake of nutrient (Si, N, P and K) and improving qualitative and quantitative product compared to soil consumption of potassium silicate and calcium silicate, in this regards potassium silicate and calcium silicate stood ranks second and third, respectively. In addition, combined consumption of phosphorus + bacterial inoculation had higher positive effect on nutrients (Si, N, P and K) uptake than chemical phosphorous uptake along with phosphorus + fungi inoculation.
Conclusion
According to findings, it can be concluded that spray of nano-silicon along with consumption of chemical fertilizer + seed inoculation with bacteria can increase the quantitative and qualitative yield of rice and control the blast disease in the paddy fields.
