پديد آورندگان :
نوري، فائزه دانشگاه شهيد مدني آذربايجان تبريز , چاخرلو، جاويد دانشگاه شهيد مدني آذربايجان تبريز , شرواني تبار، بهمن دانشگاه شهيد مدني آذربايجان تبريز - دانشكده فني و مهندسي
كليدواژه :
پوكه , دياتوميت , مقاومت فشاري , جذب آب , پوزولان , خمير سيمان
چكيده فارسي :
ﻣﺎده اﺻﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ و ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻳﻚ ﺟﺴﻢ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎم ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺧﻤﻴﺮ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺧﻤﻴﺮ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ از ﭘﻮدر ﺳﻴﻤﺎن و آب ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﺪﻳﻬﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻫﺮ ﻗﺪر ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺧﻤﻴﺮ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ، ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه از آن ﺧﻤﻴﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد. در اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﺎدهي اﻓﺰودﻧﻲ ﭘﻮدر ﭘﻮﻛﻪي ﻣﻌﺪن ﺑﻨﻪﻛﻬﻞ ﺑﺴﺘﺎن آﺑﺎد و ﻣﺎده اﻓﺰودﻧﻲ ﭘﻮدر دﻳﺎﺗﻮﻣﻴﺖ ﻣﻌـﺪن ﻣﻤﻘـﺎن ﺑـﻪ ﺧﻤﻴـﺮ ﺳـﻴﻤﺎن اﻓﺰوده ﻣﻲﺷﻮد. ﭼﻮن اﻳﻦ دو ﻣﺎده داراي ﺧﻮاص ﭘﻮزوﻻﻧﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻟﺬا در ﻣﺠﺎورت ﺧﻤﻴﺮﺳﻴﻤﺎن، ﺧﻮاص ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﺧـﻮد را ﻧﺸـﺎن ﺧﻮاﻫـﺪ داد و در ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺟﺰو ﻣﻮاد ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﻲﺷﻮد. ﻋﻼﻳﻢ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎم ﮔﺬاري اﻧﻮاع ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﻠﻮط از دو ﺟﺪول 4 و 5 ﻛﺎﻣﻼ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣـﻲ ﮔـﺮدد ﺑـﻪ ﻃﻮر ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﻋﻼﻳﻤﻲ ﻛﻪ داراي ﺣﺮف P اﺳﺖ، ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﻮدر ﭘﻮﻣﻴﺲ و ﻋﻼﻳﻢ داراي PD، ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﻮدر ﭘﻮﻣﻴﺲ و ﭘﻮدر دﻳﺎﺗﻮﻣﻴﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻧﺴـﺒﺖ آب ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮاد ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻧﻲ 0/35 و 0/4 در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن دادهاﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺟﺬب آب ﺣـﻴﻦ ﻋﻤـﻞ آوري ﻫﻤـﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪﻫـﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﺪرﻳﺞ ﺟﺬب آب دارﻧﺪ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ واﻛﻨﺶﻫﺎي ﻫﻴﺪراﺳﻴﻮن ﻣﻮاد ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻧﻲ و ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻛﺮﻳﺴﺘﺎل ﻫـﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﺻـﻮرت ﻣـﻨﻈﻢ اداﻣـﻪ دارد. از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺟﺬب آب ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي 28 روزه ﻃﺒﻖ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ASTM ، ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻴﺪﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺨﻠﺨﻞ ﺧﻤﻴﺮﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﭘﻮدر ﭘﻮﻛﻪ و ﭘـﻮدر دﻳﺎﺗﻮﻣﻴﺖ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﻧﺰدﻳﻚ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ و اﻳﻦ ﺗﺨﻠﺨﻞ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ آب ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮاد ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻧﻲ از 0/35 ﺑﻪ 0/4 اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣـﻲﻳﺎﺑـﺪ. ﺟـﺬب آب در ﺣـﻴﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻨﺪه ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ واﻛﻨﺸﻬﺎي ﻫﻴﺪراﺳﻴﻮن ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ. در ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺬب آب ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﺘﻨﻲ در ﺳﻦ 28 روزه ﻃﺒﻖ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ASTM ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻨﺪه ﺗﺨﻠﺨﻞ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺘﻦ اﻋﻢ از ﺣﺒﺎبﻫﺎي اﺗﻔﺎﻗﻲ و ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺋﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻻزم ﺑﻪ ذﻛﺮ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﭼﮕـﺎﻟﻲ آب ژل ﻃﺒـﻖ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎن ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ از آب ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ و در ﺣﺪود 1/1 ﺑﻮده و ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ آب ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻲ داﺧﻞ ﻛﺮﻳﺴﺘﺎلﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از واﻛﻨﺶﻫﺎي ﻫﻴﺪراﺳـﻴﻮن ﺑﻴﺸـﺘﺮ از ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ آب ژل ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻓﺸﺎري ﺧﻤﻴﺮﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﺎده اﻓﺰودﻧﻲ ﭘﻮدر ﭘﻮﻛﻪ را دارﻧﺪ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻓﺸﺎري 28 روزه آﻧﻬـﺎ، داراي اﻓـﺖ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ وﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺮاي اﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ در ﺳﻦ 90 روزه، ﺑﺮاي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ آب ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮاد ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻧﻲ 0/35 اﻧﺪﻛﻲ اﻓﺖ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد وﻟـﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ آب ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮاد ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻧﻲ 0/4 ﺣﺪود 10 اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ. در ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻢ ﭘﻮدر ﭘﻮﻛﻪ و ﻫﻢ ﭘﻮدر دﻳﺎﺗﻮﻣﻴﺖ ﺗﻮاﻣـﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﺻﻮرت اﻓﺰودﻧﻲ اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻓﺸﺎري ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ: اﻟﻒ-ﺑﺮاي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ آب ﺑﻪ ﻣـﻮاد ﺳـﻴﻤﺎﻧﻲ 0/35 در ﺳـﻨﻴﻦ 28 روزه و 90 روزه ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ 6 اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ وﺟﻮد دارد و ﺑﺮاي درﺻﺪ اﻓﺰودﻧﻲ اﭘﺘﻴﻤﻢ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ 25 درﺻﺪ( اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي دارد. ب- ﺑـﺮاي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ آب ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮاد ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻧﻲ 0/4 در ﻋﻤﺮ 28 روزه ﺑﺮاي 20 درﺻﺪ اﻓﺰودﻧﻲ ﭘﻮدر ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ ، ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻓﺸﺎري ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد اﻣﺎ در ﻋﻤـﺮ 90 روزه 5 اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ دارد و ﺑﺮاي 25 درﺻﺪ اﻓﺰودﻧﻲ ﭘﻮدر ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ ﻫﻢ در ﺳﻦ 28 روزه و ﻫﻢ 90 روزه اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻓﺸـﺎري اﺗﻔـﺎق اﻓﺘـﺎده اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ 9% , 16% ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻟﺬا اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻧﻤﻮدن ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﭘﻮدر ﭘﻮﻛﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﺎن آﺑﺎد و ﭘﻮدر دﻳﺎﺗﻮﻣﻴﺖ ﻣﻤﻘﺎن ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد.
چكيده لاتين :
The main material that causes aggregates to adhere to each other and forms a hard object called concrete is the cement paste. Cement paste consists of cement and water. Obviously, the higher the strength of the cement paste, the ultimate strength of the concrete made from the dough will be high. In this research, an additive material as powdered pumice of Bneh-Kohul mine near Bostan Abad and another additive as Mamaghan diatomite were added to the cement paste. Because these two materials have pozzolanic properties, they will exhibit their cementitious properties in close proximity to our cementitious materials and, as a result, are considered as cement materials. Symptoms related to the naming of different mixture ratios are clearly identified in both tables 4 and 5. In brief, the signs that contain the letter P include Pumice Powder and PD symptoms, including Pumice Powder and Diatomite Powder. The ratio of water to cement materials is considered to be 0.35 and 0.4. The results of the experiments have shown that, in terms of water absorption during treatment, all samples gradually absorb water and also show that hydration reactions of cement materials and the formation of crystals continue to occur regularly. In terms of water absorption of 28-day samples according to the ASTM standard, the results show that the porosity of our dough with different ratios of Pumice Powder or combination of Pumice Powder and diatomite powder, and this porosity is increased by 0.35% To 0.4%. Water absorption during treatment indicates the progression of hydration reactions. While water absorption of concrete specimens at 28 days of age, according to ASTM C642-06, indicates the internal porosity of concrete, including occlusive bubbles and Capillary tubes. It should be noted that the water density of the gel was higher than that of the ordinary water and was about 1.1, and the density of the molecular water inside the crystals resulting from the hydration reactions was higher than that of the gel water. In terms of the compressive strength of doughs that only have pumice powder additive, their 28-day compressive strength has a loss of resistance, and also for these samples at 90-day age, a slight drop of resistance is observed for the water-to-cement ratio of 0.35 However, for the 0.4% cement ratio, about 10% increased resistance. In the samples that were added to the pumice powder and diatomite powder as additive, the compressive strength changes were as follows: a) for the water-to-cement ratio of 0.35 at the age of 28 days and 90 days, an average increase of 6% Resistance is present and increases resistance for the optimum additive (25%). b) For water-cement ratio 0.4% at 28 days for 20% additive of compound powder, compressive strength reduction is noticeable, but in the 90-day life it is 5% stronger and for 25% additive compound powder at the age of 28-day and 90-day, both increase in compressive strength of 9% and 16%, respectively. Therefore, adding of the combined of Bostan Abad Pumice Powder and Diatomite Powder is recommended.
