تنوع گونه اي ماهيان اكوسيستم سد آزاد سنندج

Species diversity of fish in the Sanandaj Azad Dam ecosystem

ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺑﺮداري ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﻨﻮع ﮔﻮﻧﻪاي ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن در 4 اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه در اﮐﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺳﺪ آزاد ﺳﻨﻨﺪج ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﻓﺼﻠﯽ از ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن ﺳﺎل 1394 ﻟﻐﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﻬﺎر ﺳﺎل 1395 اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﺗﻌﺪاد 1057 ﻋﺪد ﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ 12 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺻﯿﺪ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺶ از 80 درﺻﺪ آن در درﯾﺎﭼﻪ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺳﺪ ﺻﯿﺪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﮐﭙﻮرﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﺑﺎ دارا ﺑﻮدن 11 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﻨﻮع ﮔﻮﻧﻪاي ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﺑﻮد و ﻓﻘﻂ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ Sasanidus kermanshahensis ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﺳﮓ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﺟﻮﯾﺒﺎري ﺑﻮد. ﺗﻨﻮع ﮔﻮﻧﻪاي ﺷﺎﻧﻮن در درﯾﺎﭼﻪ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺳﺪ آزاد )ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ 0/32± 1/11( و رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﮐﻮﻣﺎﺳﯽ از اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﻧﺒﻮد و در ﻓﺼﻞ ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﻓﺼﻮل ﺳﺎل اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري داﺷﺖ. اﻧﺪازه و وزن اﻓﺮاد ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﺳﺎﮐﻦ در زﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه درﯾﺎﭼﻪاي ﭘﺸﺖ ﺳﺪ ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﺳﺎﮐﻦ در زﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه رودﺧﺎﻧﻪاي ﺑﻮد. در ﺑﯿﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪه، 5 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ Carrasius auratus، Hypophthalmicthys molitrix ،Hemiculter leucisculus ، Cyprinus carpio و Pseudorasbora parva ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، ﻏﯿﺮ ﺑﻮﻣﯽ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺳﮓﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﺟﻮﯾﺒﺎري Sasanidus kermanshahensis ﯾﮏ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اﻧﺤﺼﺎري ﺑﺮاي ﮐﺸﻮر اﯾﺮان ﺑﻮده ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﯽ از اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﯾﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي اﻧﺤﺼﺎري و ﺣﻀﻮر ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ از ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﻏﯿﺮ ﺑﻮﻣﯽ در اﮐﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺳﺪ آزاد، ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ از اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار اﺳﺖ.

Fish sampling was conducted to evaluate the species diversity of fish in 4 stations in Sanandaj Azad dam ecosystem seasonally from summer of 2017 to spring of 2018. A total of 1057 fish were caught in 12 species, of which more than 80% were caught in the lake behind the dam. The Cyprinidae family had 11 species with the most species diversity and only Sasanidus kermanshahensis belonged to the Noemachilidae family. There was no significant difference between Shannon species diversity in the lake behind the dam (with a mean of 1.11 ± 0.32) and Komaci River (P> 0.05), and in summer with other seasons there was a significant difference (P <0.05). The size and weight of the population living in the lake habitat behind the dam were significantly higher than the population living in the river habitat (P <0.05). Among the identified fish species, 5 species Carrasius auratus, Cyprinus carpio, Hemiculter leucisculus, Hypophthalmicthys molitrix and Pseudorasbora parva are exotic species. Among the influences of exotic fish is its competition with native fish for food, and this will have a significant impact on the species diversity of the fish, population dynamics and fish populations. Also Sasanidus kermanshahensis is an endemic species for Iran, which is very important for protection. Considering the importance of endemic species and the presence of a considerable number of exotic fish species in the Azad dam ecosystem, the results of this study are of considerable importance.