تاثير پودر برگ گواوا (Psidium guajava) بر كارايي رشد، مصرف جيره و برخي شاخص‌هاي سرمي بچه ماهي كپور معمولي (Cyprinus carpio)

The effects of Guava (Psidium guajava) leaves powder on growth performance and some blood serum parameters in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings

ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮات ﭘﻮدر ﺑﺮرگ ﮔﻮاوا ﺑﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي رﺷﺪ، ﻣﺼﺮف ﺟﯿﺮه و ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﺳﺮﻣﯽ ﺑﭽﻪﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﮐﭙﻮر ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﯽ )C. carpio( ﺑﻮد. ﺑﭽﻪﻣﺎﻫﯽﻫﺎي ﮐﭙﻮر ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ وزﻧﯽ )15/88±0/27 ﮔﺮم( ﺗﺂﻣﯿﻦ و ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ 14 ﻗﻄﻌﻪ در 12 ﺗﺎﻧﮏ ﻓﺎﯾﺒﺮﮔﻼس ذﺧﯿﺮهﺳﺎزي ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﭽﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﯽﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﻣﺪت 8 ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺟﯿﺮهﻫﺎي ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺣﺎوي ﺻﻔﺮ )ﺷﺎﻫﺪ( و 5 ،2/5 و 10 ﮔﺮم در ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﭘﻮدر ﺑﺮگ ﮔﻮاوا )4 ﺗﯿﻤﺎر و 3 ﺗﮑﺮار( ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. در اﻧﺘﻬﺎي دوره ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي رﺷﺪ، ﮐﺎرآﯾﯽ ﻣﺼﺮف ﺟﯿﺮه )وزن ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ، ﺿﺮﯾﺐ رﺷﺪوﯾﮋه و ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ( و ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﺳﺮﻣﯽ )ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ ﮐﻞ، اﯾﻤﻮﻧﻮﮔﻠﻮﺑﻮﻟﯿﻦ ﮐﻞ و ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ آﻧﺰﯾﻢ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺗﺎز ﻗﻠﯿﺎﯾﯽ( ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪدﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﺣﺎوي ﭘﻮدر ﺑﺮگ ﮔﻮاوا ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﺳﺒﺐ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي رﺷﺪ، وزن اﮐﺘﺴﺎﺑﯽ و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﮐﺎرآﯾﯽ رﺷﺪ در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر 2/5 ﮔﺮم در ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﭘﻮدر ﺑﺮگ ﮔﻮاوا ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮدر ﺑﺮگ ﮔﻮا ﺻﺮف ﻧﻈﺮ از ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺳﺒﺐ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺳﻄﻮح ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ ﮐﻞ ﺳﺮم ﺧﻮن ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺳﻄﻮح اﯾﻤﻨﻮﮔﻠﻮﺑﻮﻟﯿﻦ ﮐﻞ و ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ آﻧﺰﯾﻢ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺗﺎز ﻗﻠﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺳﺮم ﺧﻮن ﺑﭽﻪﻣﺎﻫﯽﻫﺎي ﮐﭙﻮر ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮدر ﺑﺮگ ﮔﻮاوا ﻧﺸﺎندﻫﻨﺪه اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر 10 ﮔﺮم در ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﭘﻮدر ﺑﺮگ ﮔﻮاوا در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎ ﺑﻮد. ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﯽ- ﺗﻮان ﮔﻔﺖ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭘﻮدر ﺑﺮگ ﮔﻮاوا ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ ﻣﮑﻤﻞ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﻣﻔﯿﺪ ﺟﻬﺖ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ رﺷﺪ و ﺑﻬﺒﻮد اﯾﻤﻨﯽ ﺑﭽﻪﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﮐﭙﻮر ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﯽ ﻣﻄﺮح ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ دﻗﯿﻖ دوز ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﺑﻪﮐﺎرﮔﯿﺮي اﯾﻦ ﻣﮑﻤﻞ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي اﺳﺖ.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of dietary Guava (Psidium guajava) leaves powder (GLP) on growth parameters, feed utilization as well as some serum parameters of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings. Common carp fingerlings (18.88±0.27 g) were supplied and stocked in twelve fiberglass tanks at density of 14 fish per tank. Fish were fed experimental diets contains 0 (control), 2.5, 5 and 10 g per kg GLP (4 treatments with 3 replicates). At the end of feeding trial growth parameters and feed utilization (final weight, SGR and FSR) as well as some serum parameters (Serum total protein, total Immunoglobulin and alkaline phosphatase activity) were measured. The results revealed that GPL treatments significantly increased growth parameters, weight gain and decrease feed conversion ratio (P<0.05). The best growth performance was observed in 2.5 g kg-1 GPL treatment. Regardless of inclusion level, supplementation of common carp diet with GPL increased serum total protein. Evaluation of serum total Ig and ALP activity revealed remarkable increase in 2.5 g kg-1 GPL treatments compared other groups (P<0.05). According to these results it can be concluded that GPL can be considered as beneficial feed additive for improving growth performance and immune status of common carp fingerlings. However, determination of the optimum inclusion levels merit further researches.