بررسي ارجحيت زيستگاهي سس ماهي كورا (Barbus lacerta; Heckel, 1843) در رودخانه زارم رود(از سرشاخه هاي رود تجن) استان مازندران-ايران

Study of habitat preference of Kura fish (Barbus lacerta; Heckel, 1843) in Zarmood River (from Tajan River branches) Mazandaran Province, Iran

ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﺑﻪﻫﻤﺮاه ﺣﻔﻆ ﺗﻨﻮع زﯾﺴﺘﯽ اﮐﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎي رودﺧﺎﻧﻪاي، ﮐﻪ در ﭘﯽ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎي اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ دﭼﺎر ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات وﺳﯿﻌﯽ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪهاﻧﺪ، ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﮐﻦ آﻧﻬﺎ اﻣﺮي ﺿﺮوري ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ زارم رود از ﺳﺮﺷﺎﺧﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﻢ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﺠﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ارﺟﺤﯿﺖ زﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﯽ ﺳﺲﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﮐﻮرا )B. lacerta( در ﺳﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ در ﻓﺼﻞ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮاي اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﺑﺘﺪا ﯾﮏ ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﺮ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻓﻮق ﮐﻪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ اﺳﺘﺮسﻫﺎي اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺮ آن وارد ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ، اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪ و ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﺷﻮﮐﺮ در 110 ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﯿﺪ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در ﻫﺮ ﻧﻘﻄﻪاي ﮐﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﺻﯿﺪ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ، ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﻧﻈﯿﺮ ﻋﻤﻖ، ﺳﺮﻋﺖ، ﻧﻮع ﺑﺴﺘﺮ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ و ﻏﯿﺮزﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داده اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ Mesolithal 60 )سانتيمتر(، بستر غيرزيستي - 60 )سانتيمتر بر ثانيه(، عمق 0 - گونه در سن + 0 سرع ﺑﺴﺘﺮ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ Xylal و Algae؛ در ﺳﻦ+1 ﺳﺮﻋﺖ 75-45 )ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺛﺎﻧﯿﻪ(، ﻋﻤﻖ 75-16 )ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮ(، ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﻏﯿﺮزﯾﺴﺘﯽ Macrolithal ،Mesolithal و Microlithal، ﺑﺴﺘﺮ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ از ﻫﻤﻪ ﻧﻮع ﺑﻪ ﻏﯿﺮ از Sub_macrophytes؛ در ﺳﻨﯿﻦ+2 و 3 ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎﻻي 75 )ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺛﺎﻧﯿﻪ(، ﻋﻤﻖ ﺑﺎﻻي 31 )ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮ(، ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﻏﯿﺮزﯾﺴﺘﯽ Mesolithal وMacrolithal ؛ در ﺳﻦ 2ﺑﺴﺘﺮ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ Algae ،Xylal و FPOM و در ﺳﻦ 3 ﺑﺴﺘﺮ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ LPTP و FPOM را ﺗﺮﺟﯿﺢ ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ در ﺳﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﺮﺟﯿﺤﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ دارد و درك اﯾﻦ راﺑﻄﻪ در اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﯽ اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﻣﺪﯾﺮان و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد.

Abstract In order to sustainably exploit the biodiversity of river ecosystems which have been extensively changed due to human activities, knowledge of habitat requirements of the species is essential. In this study, Zarem-rud River, one of the main tributaries of Tajan River, has been studied for habitat preference of Kura barbel (B. lacerta) at different ages in autumn. For this purpose, first, a site was selected on the above mentioned river which has the least human stress. Then the fish was caught with an electroshocker aggregate at 110 points. At each point where the fish was caught, environmental parameters such as depth, water velocity, type of biotic and abiotic substrate were also measured. The results showed that the species aged 0+ prefer water velocity 0-60 (cm/s), depth 0-60 (cm), abiotic substrate Mesolithal and biotic substrate Xylal and Algae; at the age of 1+, the water velocity preference was 45-75 (cm/s), the depth 16-75 (cm), the abiotic substrate Mesolithal, Macrolithal and Microlithal but the biotic substrate was included all kinds biotic substrates except Sub_macrophytes; at ages 2+ and 3+, water velocity preference was higher than 75 (cm/s), depths higher than 31 (cm), abiotic substrate Mesolithal and Macrolithal; at age 2+, they prefer Xylal, Algae, and FPOM, and at age 3+, they prefer LPTP and FPOM. Therefore, this species has different preferences at different ages, and understanding this relationship will be effective in the effectiveness of managers' actions and species protection.