ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﻘﺎﻳﺎي ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﻛﺮم اﺑﺮﻳﺸﻢ و ﻧﻴﺘﺮوﻛﺴﻴﻦ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ،ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ و اﺳﺎﻧﺲ ﮔﻴﺎه داروﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﺑﻮﻧﻪ آﻟﻤﺎﻧﻲ (Matricaria chamomilla L.)

The effect of silkworm residues and nitroxin on Some quantitative and qualitative Characteristics of German chamomile )Matricaria chamomilla)

ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ اﺛﺮات ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻘﺎﻳﺎي ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﻛﺮم اﺑﺮﻳﺸﻢ و ﻧﻴﺘﺮوﻛﺴﻴﻦ ﺑﺮ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﻛﻴﻔﻲ و ﻛﻤﻲ ﮔﻴﺎه داروﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﺑﻮﻧﻪ آﻟﻤﺎﻧﻲ )Matricaria chamonail ( آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﮔﻠﺪاﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮرﻳﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﻛﺎﻣﻼً ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﻜﺮار در ﺳﺎل زراﻋﻲ1393-94 در ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ داﻧﺸﻜﺪه ﻛﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﮔﻨﺒﺪ ﻛﺎووس اﺟﺮا ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ. ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اول ﺗﻴﻤﺎر ﻛﻮدي ﺑﻘﺎﻳﺎي ﻛﺮم اﺑﺮﻳﺸﻢ در 6 ﺳﻄﺢ )ﺻﻔﺮ، 2/5%، 5%، 7/5%، 10 ﺑﻘﺎﻳﺎي ﻛﺮم اﺑﺮﻳﺸﻢ( و ﻋﺎﻣﻞ دوم ﻛﻮد ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ ﻧﻴﺘﺮوﻛﺴﻴﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ دو ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﻠﻘﻴﺢ )25 ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ در ﻫﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﺧﺎك( و ﻋﺪم ﺗﻠﻘﻴﺢ ﻧﻴﺘﺮوﻛﺴﻴﻦ ﺑﻮد. ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ، ﺑﻴﺶ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﮔﻞ در ﮔﻠﺪان، وزن ﮔﻞ و زﻳﺴﺖ ﺗﻮده در ﺗﻴﻤﺎر 7/5 درﺻﺪ ﺑﻘﺎﻳﺎي ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﻛﺮم اﺑﺮﻳﺸﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻠﻘﻴﺢ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. در ﺳﻄﻮح ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﺮ ﺑﻘﺎﻳﺎي ﻛﺮم اﺑﺮﻳﺸﻢ ﻣﻴﺰان ﻓﻨﻞ و آﻧﺰﻳﻢ ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻻز اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ. در ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﺳﻄﻮح ﺑﺎﻻي ﺑﻘﺎﻳﺎي ﻛﺮم اﺑﺮﻳﺸﻢ )ﺑﺎﻻي 10 درﺻﺪ( درﺻﺪ اﺳﺎﻧﺲ و ﻛﺎﻣﺎزوﻟﻦ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ. در ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﺑﻴﺎن ﻛﺮد ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﺑﻘﺎﻳﺎي ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﻛﺮم اﺑﺮﻳﺸﻢ و ﻧﻴﺘﺮوﻛﺴﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺗﻠﻔﻴﻘﻲ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﻛﻤﻲ و ﻛﻴﻔﻲ ﮔﻴﺎه داروﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﺑﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﺎر7/5 درﺻﺪ ﺑﻘﺎﻳﺎي ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﻛﺮم اﺑﺮﻳﺸﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻠﻘﻴﺢ ﻧﻴﺘﺮوﻛﺴﻴﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﮔﻞ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد. اﻣﺎ ﺗﻴﻤﺎر 20 درﺻﺪ ﺑﻘﺎﻳﺎي ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﻛﺮم اﺑﺮﻳﺸﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻠﻘﻴﺢ ﻧﻴﺘﺮوﻛﺴﻴﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ داروﻳﻲ اﺳﺎﻧﺲ( اﻳﻦ ﮔﻴﺎه ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد.

In order to study the effects of silkworm residues and nitroxin on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of German chamomile )Matricaria chamomilla), a pot experiment was conducted as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with four replications in greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Gonbad Kavous University in growing season: 2013-2014. The first factor included fertilizer of silkworm residues in six levels (0, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10% and 20%) and nitroxin biofertilizer in two levels (inoculated with nitroxin and non inoculated) as second factor. The results showed that the highest biological yield, numbers of flowers and flowers weights in a pot were obtained in combination of 7.5% silkworm residues with nitroxin. At lower levels of silkworm residues, the amount of phenol and catalase enzymes increased. While high levels of silkworm residues (over 10%) increased the flower essence and chamazulene percent. In clousion, using silkworm residues with nitroxin increased quantitative and qualitative yield in German chamomile. Therefore, it is suggested to use a combination of 7.5% of silkworm residues and nitroxin for flower production. But combination of 20% of silkworm residues and nitroxin is suggested for flower essence.