اﺛﺮ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت و ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ذرات آﻫﻦ و روي ﺑﺮ زﻳﺴﺖ ﺗﻮده، ﻣﻘﺪار و ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت روﻏﻦﻫﺎي اﺳﺎﻧﺴﻲ ﻧﻌﻨﺎع ﻓﻠﻔﻠﻲ (Mentha piperita L) ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري

The effect of sulfate and nano particles of iron and zinc on biomass, content and compositions of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) essential oil under salt stress

ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ اﺛﺮ ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﻲ ﻛﻮدﻫﺎي آﻫﻦ و روي ﺑﻪ دو ﺷﻜﻞ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎﺗﻪ و ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ذارت ﺑﺮ ﻣﻘﺪار و ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت روﻏﻦﻫﺎي اﺳﺎﻧﺲ ﻧﻌﻨﺎع ﻓﻠﻔﻠﻲ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري، آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮرﻳﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﻛﺎﻣﻼً ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﻜﺮار اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. ﺗﻴﻤﺎرﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري در ﭼﻬﺎر ﺳﻄﺢ )0، 40، 80، 120 ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﻮﻻر )(NaCl و ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﻲ ﻛﻮدي در ﭘﻨﺞ ﺳﻄﺢ )ﺷﺎﻫﺪ )ﺑﺪون ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﻛﻮد(، ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت آﻫﻦ 1500 ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﮔﺮم در ﻟﻴﺘﺮ، ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ذرات آﻫﻦ 300 ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﮔﺮم در ﻟﻴﺘﺮ، ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت روي 1500 ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﮔﺮم در ﻟﻴﺘﺮ، ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ذرات روي 300 ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﮔﺮم در ﻟﻴﺘﺮ( ﺑﻮد. ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﻛﻮدﻫﺎي روي و آﻫﻦ ﺑﺨﺼﻮص ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد زﻳﺴﺖ ﺗﻮده ﮔﻴﺎه ﺷﺪ و ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ زﻳﺴﺖ ﺗﻮده ﻧﻌﻨﺎع ﻓﻠﻔﻠﻲ در ﺗﻴﻤﺎر ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻛﻮد آﻫﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﻪ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن در ﺗﻴﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﺷﻮري ﺷﺪﻳﺪ )120 ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﻮﻻر( ﻛﺎﻫﺶ رﺷﺪ ﺷﺪﻳﺪي داﺷﺘﻨﺪ و ﻓﻘﻂ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻛﻮد آﻫﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﺎر ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ در اﻳﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﻮري ﺑﻪ اﻧﺪازه ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﻣﺎده ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﺮدﻧﺪ و ﺟﻬﺖ اﺳﺎﻧﺲﮔﻴﺮي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﻘﻴﻪ ﺗﻴﻤﺎرﻫﺎ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﻮري 120 ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﻮﻻر ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻛﻢ ﭘﻴﻜﺮ روﻳﺸﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺳﺎﻧﺲ ﮔﻴﺮي ﻧﺒﻮدﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ ﺗﻴﻤﺎر ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻛﻮد آﻫﻦ در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري 40 و 80 ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﻮﻻر ﻣﻮﺟﺐ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ 13/96و 25/13 درﺻﺪي ﻣﻘﺪار اﺳﺎﻧﺲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻴﻤﺎر ﺷﺎﻫﺪ )ﻋﺪم ﺗﻨﺶ و ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﻛﻮد( ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﻨﺘﻮل )42/22 درﺻﺪ( ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺗﻴﻤﺎر ﺗﻨﺶ 80 ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﻮﻻر و ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻛﻮد آﻫﻦ ﺑﻮد. ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﻨﺘﻮل )31/57 درﺻﺪ( ﻧﻴﺰ در ﺗﻨﺶ 120 ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﻮﻻر و ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻛﻮد آﻫﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ، ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري 40 و 80 ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﻮﻻر ﺗﻮاﻧﺴﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﺜﺒﺘﻲ در ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﻨﺘﻮل اﺳﺎﻧﺲ ﻧﻌﻨﺎع ﻓﻠﻔﻠﻲ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮرﻛﻠﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﮔﻔﺖ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻛﻮدﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ وﻳﮋه ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻛﻮد آﻫﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت اﺻﻠﻲ اﺳﺎﻧﺲ )ﻣﻨﺘﻮل و ﻣﻨﺘﻮن( و زﻳﺴﺖ ﺗﻮده ﻧﻌﻨﺎع ﻓﻠﻔﻠﻲ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري ﺷﻮد.

In order to evaluate the effect of foliar application iron and zinc fertilizers in two forms of sulphate and nano particles on the essential oil content and composition of peppermint under salinity stress, an pot experiment as factorial based on completely randomized design with three replications was conducted. Treatments of the experiment were salinity stress in four levels (0, 40, 80, and 120 mM NaCl) and fertilizer spraying in five levels (control, 1500 mg/L of iron sulphate, 300 mg/L of nano iron, 1500 mg/L of zinc sulphate, and 300 mg/L of nano zinc). Plant samples were harvested at flowering stage and dried under shadow conditions. Application of zinc and iron fertilizers, especially as nano form, improved the biomass of the plant, and the best biomass of peppermint was observed in the treatment of iron nano-fertilizers application. The results showed that nano iron treatment under salinity conditions of 40 and 80 mM NaCl causes 13.96 and 25.13% increase in oil content compared to control plants. The highest amount of menthol (42.22%) was related to the 80 mM salinity and spraying of nano iron. The lowest amount of menthol (31.57%) was observed in the 120 mM salt stress and application of nano iron. According to results of this research, the salinity stress of 40 and 80 mM could have a positive effect on the menthol amount of peppermint oil. Generally, nano iron causes the improvement in the content and main compositions of essential oil and the biomass of peppermint under salinity stress.