ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺤﻲ ﮔﻴﺎه ﺑﺎدرﻧﺠﺒﻮﻳﻪ Melissa officinalis L.)( در ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﻤﻮي و ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﻜﻲ و ﺗﻴﻤﺎر ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺴﻴﻠﻴﻚ اﺳﻴﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ وﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎي رﻳﺨﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ و ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻲ آن

Study of anatomical structure of Melissa officinalis and the effects of drought stress and salicylic acid treatment on its morphological and molecular characteristics

ﺑﺎدرﻧﺠﺒﻮﻳﻪ از ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن داروﻳﻲ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻨﻲ در اﻳﻦ ﮔﻴﺎه، ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻧﺨﺴﺖ در ﺟﻬﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺤﻲ و ﺳﭙﺲ ﻧﺤﻮه ﭘﺎﺳﺦدﻫﻲ آن ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﻜﻲ )ﺻﻔﺮ، 1/3fc ،2/3 fc و ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺴﻴﻠﻴﻚ اﺳﻴﺪ ) ﺻﻔﺮ، 0/7 و 1/5 ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﻮﻻر( ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﺮاي اﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺬر ﮔﻴﺎه ﺑﺎدرﻧﺠﺒﻮﻳﻪ ﭘﺲ از اﺳﺘﺮﻳﻠﻴﺰاﺳﻴﻮن در ﮔﻠﺪانﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻛﺸﺖ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ و اﻋﻤﺎل ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﻜﻲ ﺗﻴﻤﺎر ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺴﻴﻠﻴﻚ اﺳﻴﺪ در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺷﺶ ﺑﺮﮔﻲ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن ﺗﻌﺪادي ﮔﻠﺪان ﺑﺪون ﺗﻴﻤﺎر ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺤﻲ ﻛﺸﺖ ﺷﺪ. آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎت ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮرﻳﻞ اﺳﭙﻠﻴﺖ ﺑﻼت در زﻣﺎن ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﻜﺮار اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ اﻧﺪام ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎدرﻧﺠﺒﻮﻳﻪ ﺗﺸﺎﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﮔﻴﺎه ﺑﺎ دﻳﮕﺮ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻧﻌﻨﺎﻋﻴﺎن را ﻧﺸﺎن داد و ﺑﺎ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻧﻤﻮي ﺑﺘﺪرﻳﺞ ﺑﺮ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺑﺎﻓﺖﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻣﻲ اﻓﺰوده ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ و در ﺳﺎﻗﻪ، ﭘﻴﺪاﻳﺶ ﻳﻚ دﺳﺘﻪ آوﻧﺪ ﭼﻮب و آﺑﻜﺶ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ در ﺣﺪ ﻓﺎﺻﻞ دﺳﺘﺠﺎت آوﻧﺪي ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲ ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﺷﺪ. درﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ، ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻗﻄﺮ دﻫﺎﻧﻪ آوﻧﺪ ﭼﻮﺑﻲ و اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻃﻮل ﻛﺮكﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻴﻤﺎر ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺴﻴﻠﻴﻚ اﺳﻴﺪ درﻛﺎﻫﺶ آﺛﺎر ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﻜﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﺑﻮد. ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ qRT- PCR ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺎن ژن ﺗﻴﺮوزﻳﻦ آﻣﻴﻨﻮﺗﺮاﻧﺴﻔﺮاز )TAT( ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪاي در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻪ و ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺑﻴﺎن آن در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﻜﻲfc 2/3 و ﻏﻠﻈﺖmM 0/7 ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺴﻴﻠﻴﻚ اﺳﻴﺪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﺗﻴﻤﺎر ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺴﻴﻠﻴﻚ اﺳﻴﺪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ، در ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﻜﻲ اﺛﺮ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ داﺷﺘﻪ، وﻟﻲ ﺑﺮ روي ﺑﻴﺎن ژن TAT در ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﻜﻲ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﻲدار ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ

Melissa officinalis L. is an important medicinal plant. Due to the lack of developmental studies in this plant, the present study was first used to identify the structure and then how to respond to drought stress (0, fc 2/3, fc 1/3) and the effect External application of salicylic acid (0, 0.7 and 1.5 mM). For this purpose, the seeds of lemon balm were cultured in appropriate pots after sterilization .At the same time, a number of untreated pots were cultivated for anatomical studies. Experiments were performed as split plot split factorial with three replications. The description showed the similarity of this plant with other plants of the family of Lamiaceae, and with the advancement of the stage of development, gradually, the thickness of the sclerenchyma tissue was increased, In the study of stresses on histology, decreasing the diameter of the xylem and increasing the length of the trichomes, salicylic acid treatment was highly desirable in reducing the effects of drought stress. Molecular studies using the qRT-PCR technique showed that the expression of tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) gene was not significantly altered under stress conditions and the highest expression was observed in drought stress conditions of 2/3 fc and salicylic acid 0.7 mM. It can be concluded that salicylic acid treatment has a positive effect on histological studies in plants under drought stress, but has no significant effect on TAT gene expression in plants under drought stress.