رزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﻴﺖ زﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﮔﻴﺎه ﭘﺮﻃﺎووﺳﻲ ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ ايMyriophyllum spicatum L.) ( در ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از اﻛﻮﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي آﺑﻲ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران و ﮔﻴﻼن

Assessment of habitat suitability of watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L.) in some aquatic ecosystems of Mazandaran and Guilan provinces

ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﻴﺖ زﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﭘﺮﻃﺎووﺳﻲ ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ اي، 6 اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ )4 اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﺗﺎﻻﺑﻲ و 2 اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﻣﺠﺎور رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ( واﻗﻊ در اﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎي ﮔﻴﻼن و ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري از دادهﻫﺎي زﻳﺴﺘﻲ )36 ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺣﻀﻮر و 36 ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻋﺪم ﺣﻀﻮر ﮔﻴﺎه( ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن ﺑﺎ دادهﻫﺎي ﻏﻴﺮزﻳﺴﺘﻲ )ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪاي از ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ- ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري ﻣﺤﻴﻂ( ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﺎﻫﺎﻧﻪ در ﻃﻮل ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎل از ﺗﻴﺮﻣﺎه 1396 ﺗﺎ ﺧﺮدادﻣﺎه 1397 اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ آزﻣﻮن ﻣﻦ- وﻳﺘﻨﻲ، ﺑﻪ ﻏﻴﺮاز دﻣﺎي آب، اﻛﺴﻴﮋن ﺧﻮاﻫﻲ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ و زﻳﺴﺘﻲ، آﻣﻮﻧﻴﻮم و ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻳﺖ )0/01> P(، اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﻲ داري ﺑﻴﻦ ﺣﻀﻮر و ﻋﺪم ﺣﻀﻮر ﮔﻴﺎه ﺑﺎ ﺑﻘﻴﻪ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ )0/01< P(. ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از آزﻣﻮن ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ اﺻﻠﻲ )PCA(، از ﺑﻴﻦ 8 ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه در اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ،ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن آب، ﻣﻴﺰان ﻛﻞ ﻣﻮاد ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﻣﻌﻠﻖ و ﺑﻴﻜﺮﺑﻨﺎت ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎ در ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎي اول ﺗﺎ ﺳﻮم ﺑﻮده و درﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ را در ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﺎ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﻴﺖ زﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﮔﻴﺎه داﺷﺘﻪ اﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ )CCA(، ﺣﻀﻮر ﮔﻴﺎه در ﺗﺎﻻب ﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ازدﻳﺎد ﮔﺎز ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻴﻚ، ﺑﻲ ﻛﺮﺑﻨﺎت و اﻛﺴﻴﮋن ﻣﺤﻠﻮل و ﻓﺴﻔﺎت وﻋﺪم ﺣﻀﻮر آن ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن آب، ﻣﻴﺰان ﻛﻞ ﻣﻮاد ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﻣﻌﻠﻖ، ﻫﺪاﻳﺖ اﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ و ﻋﻤﻖ آب ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد. در ﺣﺎﻟﻴﻜﻪ ﻓﺼﻮل ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳﺎل ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﭼﻨﺪاﻧﻲ در ﺣﻀﻮر و ﻋﺪم ﺣﻀﻮر ﮔﻴﺎه ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﺪل ﺧﻄﻲ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﻢ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ )GLM(، اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﻲ داري ﺑﻴﻦ ﺣﻀﻮر و ﻋﺪم ﺣﻀﻮر ﮔﻴﺎه در اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ 8 ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ وﺟﻮد داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ )0/01< P(.

6 different sites (4 sites situated in wetlands and 2 sites located in river) were selected in the Guilan and Mazandaran provinces to study the habitat suitability of Myriophyllum spicatum L. Monitoring of biotic data (36 presence and 36 absence data) was monthly carried out simultaneously with abiotic data (a set of physical, chemical and structural variables) during one year (from July 2017 to May 2018). Based on the results of Mann-Whitney, except water temperature, biological and chemical oxygen demand, ammonium and nitrite (p > 0.01), a significant difference was observed between the presence and absence of plant and the remaining of variables (p < 0.01). According to the results of principal component analysis (PCA), among 8 variables used in this method, flow velocity, total suspended solid and bicarbonate were the most important variables in the first three components, respectively so that they had the major effect on the habitat suitability of plant. According to the results of canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), the presence of plant in wetlands can be because of increasing of carbon dioxide, bicarbonate, dissolved oxygen and phosphate and the absence of plant can be attributed by increasing flow velocity, total suspended solid, electric conductivity and water depth while different seasons of year didn’t have much effect on the presence of absence of plant. Based on the results of the generalize linear model (GLM model), there was a significant difference between the presence and absence of plant and 8 variables (p < 0.01).