ﻣﻬﺎرِ آﻟﻔﺎﮔﻠﻮﻛﻮزﻳﺪاز ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻋﺼﺎره ي ﻫﮕﺰاﻧﻲ اﻧﺪام ﻫﺎي ﻫﻮاﻳﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﺧﺎﻛﺸﻴﺮ )Descurainia sophia L.schuar( و ﺷﺎه ﺗﺮه )Fumaria vaillantii Loisel(

α-glucosidase inhibition by hexane extract from aerial parts of Descurainia sophia L.schuar and Fumaria vaillantii Loisel

ﺑﻴﻤﺎري دﻳﺎﺑﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻋﻤﺪه اي ﺑﺮ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ اﻧﺴﺎﻧﻬﺎ دارد. ﻳﻜﻲ از راه ﻫﺎي ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي از اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻗﻨﺪ ﺧﻮن، ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺟﺬب روده اي ﮔﻠﻮﻛﺰ از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻬﺎر آﻧﺰﻳﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻫﻴﺪروﻟﻴﺰ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ي ﻛﺮﺑﻮﻫﻴﺪرات ﻫﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ آﻟﻔﺎﮔﻠﻮﻛﻮزﻳﺪاز اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف از اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﻬﺎر ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻗﻮي ﺑﺎ ﻣﻨﺸﺎء ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﺮاي آﻧﺰﻳﻢ آﻟﻔﺎﮔﻠﻮﻛﻮزﻳﺪاز ﺑﻮد. ﻋﺼﺎره ﻫﮕﺰاﻧﻲ اﻧﺪام ﻫﺎي ﻫﻮاﻳﻲ )ﮔﻞ، ﺑﺮگ، ﺳﺎﻗﻪ( در دو ﮔﻴﺎه ﺧﺎﻛﺸﻴﺮ و ﺷﺎه ﺗﺮه در ﻫﻔﺖ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ، از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻣﻬﺎري آن ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ آﻧﺰﻳﻢ آﻟﻔﺎﮔﻠﻮﻛﻮزﻳﺪاز ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ آﻧﺰﻳﻢ ﺑﻪ روش ﻣﻴﻜﺮوﭘﻠﻴﺖ اﺳﭙﻜﺘﺮوﻓﺘﻮﻣﺘﺮي در ﻃﻮل ﻣﻮج 405 ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺷﺪ. ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﻋﺼﺎره ﻫﮕﺰاﻧﻲ ﮔﻞ ﺧﺎﻛﺸﻴﺮ و ﺑﺮگ ﺷﺎه ﺗﺮه ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ اﺛﺮ ﻣﻬﺎري را روي آﻧﺰﻳﻢ آﻟﻔﺎﮔﻠﻮﻛﻮزﻳﺪاز داﺷﺘﻨﺪ، ﺗﻮﺳﻂ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه GC/MS ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. از ﻣﻴﺎن اﻧﺪام ﻫﺎي ﻫﻮاﻳﻲ دو ﮔﻴﺎه، ﻋﺼﺎره ﻫﮕﺰاﻧﻲ در ﻏﻠﻈﺖ 200 ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺪام ﮔﻞ ﺧﺎﻛﺸﻴﺮ و 300 ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺪام ﺑﺮگ ﺷﺎه ﺗﺮه، ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻣﻬﺎرﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﺑﺮ آﻧﺰﻳﻢ آﻟﻔﺎﮔﻠﻮﻛﻮزﻳﺪاز ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ. ﻣﻴﺰان IC50 اﻳﻦ ﻋﺼﺎره ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ 88/0 و 04/1 ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ ﺑﻮد. اﻟﮕﻮي ﻣﻬﺎر ﺑﺮاي ﻋﺼﺎره ﮔﻞ ﺧﺎﻛﺸﻴﺮ ﻣﻬﺎر ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻂ ﻏﻴﺮرﻗﺎﺑﺘﻲ( و ﺑﺮاي ﻋﺼﺎره ﺑﺮگ ﮔﻴﺎه ﺷﺎه ﺗﺮه از ﻧﻮع ﻣﻬﺎر ﻧﺎرﻗﺎﺑﺘﻲ ﺑﻮد. آﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ GC/MS ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻋﺼﺎره ﻫﺎ ﺣﺎوي ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﻓﻨﻴﻞ ﭘﺮوﭘﺎﻧﻮﺋﻴﺪ و ﻓﻨﻞ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﺴﺌﻮل ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از اﺛﺮ ﻣﻬﺎري آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺮ روي ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ آﻟﻔﺎﮔﻠﻮﻛﻮزﻳﺪاز ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻋﺼﺎره ﻫﮕﺰاﻧﻲ اﻳﻦ دو اﻧﺪام، داراي ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻣﻬﺎرﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﻮﺛﺮي ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ و ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﻳﻦ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ، ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻬﺎرﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎي داراي ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد داروﻳﻲ، ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﭘﺰوﻫﺶ ﻫﺎي آﻳﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

Background: Diabetes is a progressive metabolic disorder that affects many people in the world. One way to prevent any after meal upsurge in blood glucose levels is to inhibit intestinal carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes such as α-glucosidase. Objective: To investigate the inhibitory effect of hexane extract obtained from separated aerial parts of Descurainia sophia L.schuar and Fumaria vaillantii Loisel on α-glucosidase activity. Methods: After preparation of hexane extracts from aerial parts of the plants, their effect on α-glucosidase activity was investigated in seven different concentrations. Enzyme activity was assayed in triplicate using pNPG as substrate. The amount of produced pNP was determined at 405 nm wavelength. Acarbose was used as the positive control. Results: Among the aerial parts of two plants, Descurainia sophia's flower hexane extract at 200 mg/ml concentration, and Fumaria vaillantii's leaf hexane extract at 300 mg/ml concentration, significantly inhibited activity of the enzyme. IC50 values of the above mentioned extracts were 0.88 and 1.04 mg/ml respectively. The type of inhibition for the Descurainia sophia flower was mixed inhibition (Competitive-noncompetitive) and for the Fumaria vaillantii leaf was uncompetitive inhibition. The results of GC-MS analysis of active extracts, revealed the presence of phenylpropanoid and phenol which could be responsible for the observed inhibitory effects on the α-glucosidase activity. Conclusion: Hexane extracts from Descurainia sophia's flower and Fumaria vaillantii's leaf have an effective α-glucosidase inhibitory capacity for future research, with the goal of achieving pharmacologically categorized inhibitors.