ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺶ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ اﺳﺘﺎن ﺳﻤﻨﺎن (ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻮردي: ﻫﺮﺑﺎرﻳﻮم داﻧﺸﮕﺎه داﻣﻐﺎن)

An investigation of plant species distribution in Semnan province (Case study: Herbarium of Damghan University)

ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻳﺮان ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ اي ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺴﻴﺎري از ﻃﺮح ﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲ و اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺮﺑﺎرﻳﻮم ﻫﺎ ﮔﻨﺠﻴﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي داﺋﻤﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ و ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ اﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﺮاي رﺳﺘﻨﻲ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. در ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺎن ﺳﻤﻨﺎن در ﻫﺮﺑﺎرﻳﻮم داﻧﺸﮕﺎه داﻣﻐﺎن ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮﺑﺎرﻳﻮﻣﻲ در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع 311 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ 237 ﺟﻨﺲ و 68 ﺗﻴﺮه ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺗﻴﺮه ﮔﻨﺪم )Poaceae( ﺑﺎ 23 ﺟﻨﺲ و 32 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ، ﺗﻴﺮه ﻛﺎﺳﻨﻲ )Asteraceae( ﺑﺎ 23 ﺟﻨﺲ و 30 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ و ﺗﻴﺮه ﻧﻌﻨﺎع )Lamiaceae( ﺑﺎ 16 ﺟﻨﺲ و 24 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻴﺮه ﻫﺎي ﺑﺰرگ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﻫﺮﺑﺎرﻳﻮم ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻫﺎي ﺟﺎروﻋﻠﻔﻲ )Bromus( ﺑﺎ 6 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ، ﺷﻮر )Salsola(، ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ اي )Stachys( و آﻟﻮ )Prunus( ﺑﺎ 5 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ و ﺳﻠﻤﻚ )Chenopodium( ﺑﺎ 4 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻏﻨﺎي ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي را دارا ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ 121 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ داروﻳﻲ و 8 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑﻪ ﺷﻮري ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ و 25 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ در ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي در ﻣﻌﺮض ﺧﻄﺮ اﺗﺤﺎدﻳﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ از ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﻗﺮارﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ.

Studying of plant vegetation is a prelude to many researches and executive projects. Herbaria are permanent treasures of plant specimens for a region and the best source of information about the flora of the region. The present study is concerned with the identification of plant species of herbarium of Damghan University (DU, Semnan province). Based on the results obtained from the plant identification of herbarium specimens, a total of 311 species belonging to 237 genera and 68 families from Semnan province were identified. The most species richness families were Poaceae (23 genera, 32 species), Asteraceae (23 genera, 30 species), Lamiaceae (16 genera, 24 species), respectively. Also, the genus Bromus with 6 species, Salsola, Stachys and Prunus each with 5 species and Chenopodium with 4 species are the largest genera in the region. This study documents 122 medicinal and 8 halophytic plant species in the region. Moreover, 25 plant species were listed as threatened species based on the criteria of the International unio‎n for Conservation of Nature.