مقاﯾﺴﮥ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻨﺎت ﺑﺎزﺗﻮاﻧﯽ در اﺳﺘﺨﺮ و ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻧﯿﻤﺮخ ﻟﯿﭙﯿﺪي و ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﻗﻠﺒﯽ-ﻋﺮوﻗﯽ در زﻧﺎن ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪ ﺑﯽﺗﺤﺮك داراي اﺿﺎﻓﻪ وزن

A Comparison of the Effect of Aquatic and Land-based Exercise Rehabilitation on Lipid Profile and Cardiovascular Indicators in Overweight Sedentary Elderly Women

ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد در اﺟﺮاي ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻨﺎﺗﯽ ورزﺷﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ وزن ﻧﯿﺎز دارﻧﺪ، در ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﺑﺎﻧﻮان ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﻧﻘﺶﻫﺎي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻣﻬﻢ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ ﺣﺎل ﺗﺠﻮﯾﺰ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﺑﺪﻧﯽ در زﻧﺎن ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت وﯾﮋهاي اﺳﺖ. ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻨﺎت در آب اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف از ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﮥ دو ﻧﻮع ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻨﺎت ﺑﺎزﺗﻮاﻧﯽ در اﺳﺘﺨﺮ و ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﻗﻠﺒﯽ-ﻋﺮوﻗﯽ و ﻧﯿﻤﺮخ ﻟﯿﭙﯿﺪي در زﻧﺎن ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪ ﮐﻢﺗﺤﺮك ﺑﻮد. 36 زن ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ و ﻣﺴﺎوي ﺑﻪ 3 ﮔﺮوه ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ در آب، ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ در ﺧﺸﮑﯽ و ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. 12 ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻨﺎت در آب و ﺧﺸﮑﯽ )ﺣﺮﮐﺖ روي ﻧﻮار ﮔﺮدان( )3 ﺟﻠﺴﻪ، ﻫﺮ ﺟﻠﺴﻪ 60 دﻗﯿﻘﻪ( در داﻣﻨﮥ ﺷﺪت 70-80 درﺻﺪ ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ ﺿﺮﺑﺎن ﻗﻠﺐ اوج اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. ﭘﯿﺶ و ﭘﺲ از اﺟﺮاي ﻣﺪاﺧﻼت ﺗﻮان ﻫﻮازي، ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي آﻧﺘﺮوﭘﻮﻣﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ، ﻗﻠﺒﯽ-ﻋﺮوﻗﯽ )ﻓﺸﺎر ﺧﻮن و ﺿﺮﺑﺎن ﻗﻠﺐ( و ﻧﯿﻤﺮخ ﻟﯿﭙﯿﺪي ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫﺎ از آزﻣﻮن t ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﯾﮑﺮاﻫﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻤﺎم ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮيﺷﺪه در ﮔﺮوهﻫﺎي ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ در آب و ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﭘﺲآزﻣﻮن ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭘﯿﺶآزﻣﻮن ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري را ﻧﺸﺎن داد )0/05≤P(. ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮيﺷﺪه ﺑﯿﻦ ﮔﺮوهﻫﺎ در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﺑﻮد )0/001=P(. ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ ﺣﺎل ﺗﻔﺎوﺗﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ ﮔﺮوهﻫﺎي ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ در آب و ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻧﺸﺪ. اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﯽ ﯾﮑﺴﺎن ﻫﺮ دو ﻧﻮع ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ در آب ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻨﺎت در ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﺷﻮد. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺑﻪدﻟﯿﻞ رﻋﺎﯾﺖ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ وزن ﺑﻪوﯾﮋه در زﻧﺎن ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي ﭘﯿﺪا ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ.

The decrease in performance during weight-bearing exercise is observed in older adults. It is also important to guarantee the health of women considering their social roles. However, prescribing physical activity in older women requires special consideration. One of the best ways is to use aquatic exercises. The aim of the present study was to compare the two types of aquatic and land-based exercise rehabilitation on some cardiovascular and lipid profile parameters in sedentary elderly women. Thirty-six elderly women were randomly and equally divided into 3 groups including aquatic training, land-based exercise, and control groups. Twelve weeks of aquatic and land-based exercise rehabilitation (treadmill walking) (3 sessions, 60 minutes each session) were performed in the range of 70-80% of peak heart rate. Aerobic power, anthropometric parameters, cardiovascular parameters (blood pressure and heart rate), and lipid profiles were assessed before and after interventions. Independent t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to analyze the data. Post-test values ​​showed a significant improvement for all variables in the water and land-based training groups (P≤0. 05). Changes in all measured variables were significantly different among the studied groups compared to the control group (P=0.001). However, there was no difference between the aquatic and land-based training method. The same efficacy of both types of exercise showed that aquatic training can replace on land-based training. This issue is more important due to the weight-bearing, especially in older women.