شناسايي و اولويت بندي معيارهاي اخلاقي مربيان كشتي ايران

An Identification and Prioritization of Ethical Criteria for Iranian Wrestling Coaches

رﻋﺎﯾﺖ اﺻﻮل و ﮐﺪﻫﺎي اﺧﻼﻗﯽ در ورزش اﻣﺮي ﺿﺮوري اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ از ﺑﺴﯿﺎري ﻧﺎﻫﻨﺠﺎريﻫﺎي اﺧﻼﻗﯽ در ﻣﺤﯿﻂﻫﺎي ورزﺷﯽ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮي ﮐﻨﺪ. ﺑﺪﯾﻦﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ، ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و اوﻟﻮﯾﺖﺑﻨﺪي ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﯿﺎز اﺧﻼﻗﯽ ﻣﺮﺑﯿﺎن ﮐﺸﺘﯽ اﯾﺮان ﻣﯽﭘﺮدازد. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ از روشﻫﺎي ﮐﻤﯽ و ﮐﯿﻔﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ اﺑﺘﺪا ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي اﺧﻼﻗﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮور ادﺑﯿﺎت ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ اﺧﻼق ورزﺷﯽ از ﻓﺪراﺳﯿﻮنﻫﺎي ورزﺷﯽ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ و اﻧﺠﻤﻦﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﯿﺎن ورزﺷﯽ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﮐﺘﺸﺎﻓﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. دادهﻫﺎي ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﺑﻌﺪي از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺮاد ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ ﺗﺎ رﺳﯿﺪن ﺑﻪ اﺷﺒﺎع ﻧﻈﺮي و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﺷﺪ. ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪﻫﺎ، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻻوﺷﻪ، ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪي و ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏ آﻧﺘﺮوﭘﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﻫﺮ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ﺗﻠﺨﯿﺺ ﻣﯽﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﻣﺪﯾﺮان، ﻣﺮﺑﯿﺎن، داوران، ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن و ﮐﺸﺘﯽﮔﯿﺮان، ﻟﺰوم رﻋﺎﯾﺖ ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي اﺧﻼﻗﯽ در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﻣﺴﺎﺑﻘﺎت )ﺑﺎ وزن 0/363( در اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ اول اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﻗﺮار دارد. ﭘﺲ از آن ﻧﯿﺰ ﻟﺰوم رﻋﺎﯾﺖ ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي اﺧﻼﻗﯽ در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ )ﺑﺎ وزن 0/229( در رﺗﺒﮥ دوم، ﻟﺰوم رﻋﺎﯾﺖ ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي اﺧﻼﻗﯽ در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ )ﺑﺎ وزن 0/207( در رﺗﺒﮥ ﺳﻮم اﻫﻤﯿﺖ و در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﻟﺰوم رﻋﺎﯾﺖ ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي اﺧﻼﻗﯽ در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﯽ )ﺑﺎ وزن 0/199( در رﺗﺒﮥ ﭼﻬﺎرم اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﻗﺮار دارﻧﺪ. ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻣﯽﺷﻮد وزارت ورزش و ﺟﻮاﻧﺎن و ﻓﺪراﺳﯿﻮن ﮐﺸﺘﯽ ﺟﻤﻬﻮري اﺳﻼﻣﯽ اﯾﺮان ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽﺷﺪه را در ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ ﻧﻈﺎمﻧﺎﻣﮥ اﺧﻼﻗﯽ ﻣﺮﺑﯿﺎن ﮐﺸﺘﯽ اﯾﺮان ﺑﻪﮐﺎر ﺑﻨﺪﻧﺪ و از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ اﻧﺴﺘﯿﺘﻮ ﺑﯿﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ ﮐﺸﺘﯽ ﮐﻪ وﻇﯿﻔﮥ آﻣﻮزش ﻣﺮﺑﯿﺎن را دارد، ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي اﺧﻼﻗﯽ را ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﯿﺎن ﺳﺮاﺳﺮ ﮐﺸﻮر آﻣﻮزش دﻫﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺮﺑﯿﺎن ﺑﺎ وﻇﺎﯾﻒ اﺧﻼﻗﯽ ﺧﻮد آﺷﻨﺎ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ.

It is necessary to respect ethical codes and principles in sport and this fact can prevent many ethical abnormalities in sport fields. Thus, the present study aimed at identifying, analyzing, and prioritizing ethical criteria necessary for Iranian wrestling coaches. The present study used a kind of mixed method (qualitative and quantitative research methods). Firstly, there was an exploratory review of literature of ethics in sport in reliable sport federations and the associations of sport coaches in different countries to identify ethical criteria. In the second phase, data were collected by interviews with experts until theoretical saturation. The third phase was conducted by a survey. Data were analyzed using content analysis of interviews, Lawshe index, confirmatory factor analysis, and entropy technique. In each phase, the criteria were examined and summarized. The results showed that according to the viewpoints of managers, coaches, referees, experts, and wrestlers, ethical consideration in matches was the first priority (weight: 0.363). Ethical consideration in social environment was the second priority (weight: 0.229), ethical consideration in exercise was the third priority (weight: 0.207), and finally ethical consideration in family was the fourth priority (weight: 0.199). It is suggested that Ministry of Sport and Youth and Wrestling Federation of I.R.I should use these identified criteria to codify ethical constitution for Iranian wrestling coaches. They should also teach these ethical criteria to coaches all around the country with a help from Wrestling International Institute that has the mission to educate coaches so that coaches can recognize their ethical responsibilities.