رويكرد ابوالمفضل شيباني به حديث

Abulmufḍḍal al-Shaybāni's Approach to Hadith

ابوالمفضل شيباني (د 387ق) محدثي امامي مذهب است كه روايات پرشماري از او در منابع مختلف باقي مانده، اما شيوۀ وي در تحمل حديث تا كنون كم‌تر كاويده شده است. با همۀ تلاشي كه ابوالمفضل براي دريافت و انتقال ميراث حديثي داشته است محدثان و تراجم‌نگاران متقدم شيعه و عامۀ مسلمانان او را به گونه‌هاي مختلفي از جعل و سرقت در حديث متهم كرده‌اند. مي‌دانيم او در انتقال ميراث حديثي اماميه و زيديه تلاش‌هاي بسياري نموده، و بسياري از آثار و روايات مهم شيعي به وساطت وي نقل شده‌ است. اهميت ميراث وي حتي سبب شده است محدثان عامۀ مسلمانان هم از روايات وي چشم‌پوشي ننمايند. براين‌پايه، بررسي رويكرد ابوالمفضل شيباني به نقل روايات ضروري است. اين مطالعه با همين هدف صورت مي‌پذيرد. مي‌خواهيم با مطالعۀ شواهدي از روايات ابوالمفضل دريابيم آيا برپايۀ روايات خودِ ابوالمفضل مي‌توان دربارۀ اتهامي كه محدثان متوجه وي كرده‌اند قضاوتي داشت يا نه. نيز، مي‌خواهيم بدانيم تصرفات احتمالي وي در روايات از چه نوع و تا چه ميزان، و سبب اين تصرفاتِ احتمالي چه بوده است؛ آيا احياناً وي از جريان‌هاي فكري غلات كه در زمان حيات وي فعال بوده‌اند متأثر بود يا تحت تأثير عوامل ديگر چنين مي‌كرد. فرضيۀ اين مطالعه آن است كه ابوالمفضل با آگاهي از دخل و تصرفات جريان‌هاي رقيب اماميه در نقل احاديث گاه به مقابله‌به‌مثل با آن‌ها پرداخته است.

Abulmufḍal Sheibāni (d. 387 AH) is an Imami narrator whose numerous narrations have remained in various sources, but his method of gaining Hadith has been less explored so far. Despite all the efforts made by Abulmufḍal to receive and transmit the Hadith heritage, the early Shiite and Muslim narrators and translators have accused him of various forms of forgery and theft in the Hadith. We know that he has made many efforts in transmitting the Hadith heritage of the Imams and Zaydis, and many important Shiite works and narrations have been narrated through him. The importance of his legacy has even caused the popular Muslim narrators not to ignore his narrations. Accordingly, it is necessary to study the approach of Abulmufḍal Sheibāni to narrate Hadiths. This study is done for the same purpose. By studying the evidence from the narrations of Abulmufḍal, we want to find out whether it is possible to make a judgment based on the narrations of Abulmufḍal,himself about the accusation leveled against him by the narrators. Also, we want to know what kind and to what extent his possible additions in the narrations, and what was the reason for these possible insertions; Was he possibly influenced by the currents of thought of the Qulāts that were active during his lifetime, or was he influenced by other factors? The hypothesis of this study is that Abulmufḍal,, aware of the interference and insertions of rival sects in the narration of Hadiths, has sometimes done such changes in Hadith as a retaliation.