كليدواژه :
كانت , سالينگاروس , زيبا , ابژۀ زيبايي‌شناختي , نابغه
چكيده فارسي :
نسبت ميان مباني رياضي و خلّاقيت در طراحي معماري اهميت فراواني دارد. براساس ديدگاه معماراني چون سالينگاروس صرفاً با رجوع به رياضيات، مي‌توان طرحي را ارائه و حتي شهري را بنا كرد؛ اما كانت در كتاب نقد قوۀ حكم، بر آن است كه در خلق يك شيء، كه بتواند ابژۀ زيبايي‌شناختي باشد، نيازمند يك نابغه هستيم؛ يعني كسي كه براساس ايده‌هاي نو و نه صرفاً قوانين ازپيش‌موجود، مانند قواعد رياضي به خلق شيء اقدام مي‌كند. در غير اين صورت، سازۀ مذكور نه‌تنها اثر هنري نيست، بلكه ابژۀ زيبايي‌شناختي نيز نيست. به‌اين‌معنا كه ما نمي‌توانيم حكم خود را دارايِ چنان كليتي بدانيم كه ديگران را نيز دربرگيرد. يعني نمي‌توانيم انتظار داشته باشيم كه ديگران نيز آن لذت را دريافته باشند؛ بنابراين، اين سازه‌ها به‌عنوان اموري مطبوع در نظر گرفته خواهند شد؛ نه اموري زيبا. پژوهش حاضر، در پي ارزش‌گذاري ميان سبك‌هاي مختلف معماري نيست و صرفاً خوانشي كانتي از ديدگاهِ سالينگاروس و امثالِ وي در حوزۀ معماري ارائه مي‌دهد.
چكيده لاتين :
According to architects such as Christopher Alexander and Nikos A. Salingaros, in architecture, there is no need to be so scrupulous in designing. Just based on mathematics, one can present a design or even build a city. Although Immanuel Kant wrote nothing but a few short lines about architecture, in his The Critique of the Power of Judgment, where he analyzes the power of aesthetics, points out that we need the genius to create an aesthetic object. That is to say, we need someone who creates the object based on novel ideas, not just pre-existing principles like mathematical ones. Those who build a new structure based on mathematics and imitate the scales hidden in nature are not geniuses. Nor is the structure of a work of art or an aesthetic object. If we enjoy confronting such structures, we cannot consider our judgment so general that includes others, that is, we cannot expect others to get that pleasure. What we claim here is "I get pleasure from looking at this structure". However, if we were confronted with the Beautiful we would claim "it is beautiful", while we were expecting everyone to realize it. Therefore, those mathematics-based structures must be considered as pleasant things, not beautiful things. We are not to evaluate different architectural styles; instead, we are just to offer a Kantian interpretation of the architectural viewpoints of Salingaros and the like.
