ارزيابي تاثير ايجاد پياده راه بر حجم ترافيك سواره معابر پيراموني (نمونه موردي: محدوده پياده راه 15 خرداد شهر تهران)

Evaluating the Effect of Walkable Street on Traffic Volumes of Periphery Routes (Case Study: 15th Khordad WalKable Street in Tehran)

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﭘﯿﺎده راه ﻫﺎ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي ﺷﻬﺮي ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺪﻣﺖ ﻧﻪ ﭼﻨﺪان ﻃﻮﻻﻧﯽ در ﮐﺸﻮرﻣﺎن، ﻫﻨﻮز اﺑﻌﺎد ﻧﺎﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ اي از آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻗﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﺪه اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ درﺻﺪد ﮐﺸﻒ ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﺴﺪود ﺷﺪن ﺧﯿﺎﺑﺎن ﺑﺮ ﺳﻮاره ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ در ﺣﺠﻢ ﺗﺮدد ﺧﻮدرو ﻫﺎ در ﻣﻌﺎﺑﺮ ﭘﯿﺮاﻣﻮﻧﯽ در ﻃﻮل زﻣﺎن اﺳﺖ. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي، ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮدآوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻧﻈﺮي از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت اﺳﻨﺎدي_ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ اي و ﺟﻤـﻊ آوري داده ﻫـ ﺎي ﻣﯿـ ﺪاﻧﯽ از روش ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه و ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ و ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﯽ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺷـﻤﺎر ﻣـ ﯽ رود. ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﺎ ﺗﯽ اﯾـ ﻦ ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ، ﻣﺤـﺪوده ﺧﯿﺎﺑﺎن 15ﺧﺮداد ﺗﻬﺮان اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﯿﺰان اﺧﺘﻼف ﺣﺠﻢ ﺗﺮدد ﺳﻮاره در ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎي 2014 ،2011 و 2016 در ﻧﺮم اﻓـﺰار SPSS و ﻃﺒـﻖ آزﻣﻮن وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﯾﮏ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ، ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري در ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺗﺮدد ﺧﻮدرو ﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﺎﺑﺮ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻓﺮﺿﯿﻪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺗﺮاﻓﯿﮏ ﺳﻮاره در ﻣﻌﺎﺑﺮ ﭘﯿﺮاﻣﻮن ﺧﯿﺎﺑﺎن 15 ﺧﺮداد ﭘﺲ از ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﺑﻪ ﭘﯿﺎده راه را رد ﻣﯽ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﻋﺪدي ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﭘﺲ از اﯾﺠﺎد ﭘﯿﺎده راه 15ﺧﺮداد، ﻫﻢ ﺳﻮ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺸـﺎﺑﻪ ﺟﻬـﺎﻧ ﯽ، ﻃـ ﯽ ﯾـ ﮏ دوره 3 ﺳـﺎﻟﻪ 15/7 درﺻﺪ و در دوره اي 5 ﺳﺎﻟﻪ 20/7 درﺻﺪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺗﺮدد ﺳﻮاره در ﻣﺤﻮرﻫﺎي ﭘﯿﺮاﻣﻮﻧﯽ آن ﻧﺎﭘﺪﯾﺪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﮐـﻪ ﻧﺎﺷـ ﯽ از ﺗﻐﯿﯿـ ﺮ ﻣﺴـ ﯿﺮ و زﻣﺎن ﺳﻔﺮ ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪان و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺳﻔﺮﻫﺎي ﭼﻨﺪﺣﺎﻟﺘﯽ ﮐﺴﺒﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: از اﯾﻦ رو، ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽ رﺳﺪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻧﮕﺮﺷﯽ در ﻣﯿﺎن ﻣﺴﻮوﻟﯿﻦ ﺷﻬﺮي در ﺧﺼﻮص اﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﺛﺮات ﺗﺮاﻓﯿﮑﯽ اﯾﺠﺎد ﭘﯿﺎده راه ﺑﺮ ﻣﺤﺪوده ﻫﺎي ﭘﯿﺮاﻣﻮﻧﯽ آن اﻟﺰاﻣﯽ اﺳﺖ.

Background and Objective: Walkable streets are considered as one of the most important contemporary urban spaces that there are still unknown dimensions of them due to not so long record in our country. This research seeks to discover the connection between closing the street on cars and the change in the traffic volume of automobiles in peripheral routes over time. Method: This applied research has been done by collecting theoretical information through documentary studies and local investigations using observation and interview method and is a descriptive-analytic research. The case study is 15th Khordad walkable street in Tehran. Findins: By evaluating differences in traffic volumes in 2011, 2014 and 2016 with SPSS software and based on One- Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), there was a significant difference in the average traffic volume of the vehicles in the study area and rejects the hypothesis of increasing the traffic volume of motor vehicles in the periphery area of 15th Khordad. Numerical calculations show that 15.7% of traffic jams over a three-year period, and 20.7% over a five-year period in the surrounding routes disappeared after creating 15th Khordad walkable street because of changing in citizens direction and travel time and using of multi-modal trips by business-men. Discussion & Conclusion: Therefore, it seems that a paradigm shift among urban managers about traffic effects transmission of creating walkable street to periphery areas is necessary.