تاﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ زﯾﺎن دﯾﺪه در ﺧﺴﺎرت ﺑﺮ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ دوﻟﺖ در ﻗﺒﺎل ﺧﺴﺎرت ﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ

The Impact of Injured Person's Contribution to the Damage on International Responsibility of State for Environmental Damages

ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺣﻘﻮق ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ، ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ زﯾﺎن دﯾﺪه در ﺧﺴﺎرت ﺳﺒﺐ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻏﺮاﻣﺖ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ. ﺣﻘﻮق ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻞ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﭘﺬﯾﺮش ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ زﯾﺎن دﯾﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺒﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻏﺮاﻣﺖ، آن را ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ راﻓﻊ ﺟﺒﺮان ﺧﺴﺎرت در ﻗﺒﺎل ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﺧﺴﺎرت زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﻗﻠﻤﺪاد ﻧﻤﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﺗﻘﺼﯿﺮ زﯾﺎن دﯾﺪه در ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﮐﻠﯿﮥ ﺧﺴﺎرت ﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ازﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺗﺪاﺑﯿﺮ ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮاﻧﻪ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ، ﭘﺲ از اﯾﺠﺎد ﺧﺴﺎرت ﻧﯿﺰ زﯾﺎن دﯾﺪه ﺑﺎﯾﺪ در ﺟﻬﺖ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯿﺰان آن ﺗﻼش ﮐﻨﺪ و در ﺻﻮرت ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﯾﯽ در ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺧﺴﺎرت و اﻣﺘﻨﺎع از آن، ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ در ﺧﺴﺎرت ﺑﺮ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ در وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ زﯾﺎن دﯾﺪه ﻋﻠﯽ رﻏﻢ ﻓﺮض وﺟﻮد ﺧﻄﺮ اﻗﺪام ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة ﻣﺰﺑﻮر ﻻزم اﻟﺮﻋﺎﯾﻪ اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺗﻼش دارد ﺗﺎ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ زﯾﺎن دﯾﺪه در ﺧﺴﺎرت در ﺧﺼﻮص ﺧﺴﺎرت ﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ، ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ ﻗﺎﻋﺪه در ﺣﻘﻮق ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻞ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ را ﻣﻮرد ﻣﺪاﻗﻪ و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار دﻫﺪ.

According to international responsibility law, the injured person's contribution to the injury will reduce the amount of reparation. International environmental law considered the injured person's contribution as one of the precluding of reparation for environmental liability, in addition to it considered as a basis for reducing the amount of reparation. The injured person's fault affects the determination of all environmental damages, including the cost of preventive measures. After the damage has been incurred also the injured person should try to reduce the amount of damage and if it is able to prevent and refuse to do so, contribution to the damage will be effective on Responsibility. When the injured person acts in spite of the assumption of risk, this principle can be applied. In addition to considering the injured person's contribution to the injury and conditions of implementation of that for environmental damages, this article tries to investigate the related issues of this principle in international environmental law.