بررسي وضعيت آموزش محيط زيست در سازمان هاي مردم نهاد محيط زيستي ايران

A Survey of Environmental Trainings Conducted by Non- Governmental Environment Organizations of Iran

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي آﻣﻮزش ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ در ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎي ﻣﺮدم ﻧﻬﺎد زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ، ﺑﻨﺎ دارد ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻨﺎد ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت آﻣﺎري، وﺿﻊ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد اﯾﻦ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻫﺎ را ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ﻣﺪاﻗﻪ ﻗﺮار دﻫﺪ و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﻋﻠﻞ ﻋﻘﺐ اﻓﺘﺎدﮔﯽ اﯾﻦ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻫﺎ از آﻣﻮزش ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﻫﺪف و ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺒﯿﻦ را ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮐﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺧﻸﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺑﯿﻦ اﯾﻦ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻫﺎ و ﻧﻬﺎد دوﻟﺖ و ﻋﻠﻞ ﻋﺪم اﻗﺒﺎل ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﻦ ﻫﺎ، ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه و رﻓﻊ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: آﻣﻮزش ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ و NGOs از ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﮔﺮدآوري داده ﻫﺎ ، ﯾﮏ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ي ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ درﯾﺎﻓﺖ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت از ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ ﺳﻤﻦ ﻫﺎ و ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ي دﯾﮕﺮي ﺟﻬﺖ درﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﻧﻈﺮات ﻓﺮﻫﯿﺨﺘﮕﺎن اﻣﺮ آﻣﻮزش ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ و ﺳﻤﻦ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ي آﻣﺎري ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺗﻌﺪاد 760 ﺳﻤﻦ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ از ﺗﻌﺪاد 125 ﺳﻤﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ، درﺧﻮاﺳﺖ ﺷﺪ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ي ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ را ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻞ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ و ﺗﻌﺪاد 26 ﻧﻔﺮ از ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن آﺷﻨﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺳﻤﻦ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ، ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻞ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ي ﻓﺮﻫﯿﺨﺘﮕﺎن ﻣﺒﺎدرت ورزﯾﺪﻧﺪ. در اداﻣﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ رواﺑﻂ دو ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮه، رواﺑﻂ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮه و رﮔﺮﺳﯿﻮﻧﯽ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ داده ﻫﺎ اﻗﺪام ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻓﺮﺿﯿﻪ ي اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻ وﺿﻊ آﻣﻮزش ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ ﺳﻤﻦ ﻫﺎ ﻧﻤﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ آﻣﻮزش ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﯿﺎز ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪان ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ از ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ را ﺑﺮﻃﺮف ﮐﻨﺪ، ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري 0/000 ﺑﻪ اﺛﺒﺎت رﺳﯿﺪ. وﺿﻊ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ آﻣﻮزش ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ اراﯾﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﻤﻦ ﻫﺎ، ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري 0/000 ﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎزﻧﮕﺮي دارد. ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ و ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ، ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ارﺗﻘﺎءﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ آﻣﻮزش ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﺳﻤﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه از ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ و ﮐﻤﯿﺖ آﻣﻮزش ﻫﺎي اراﯾﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﻤﻦ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ، ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ رو ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻮده ﻟﯿﮑﻦ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎن راﻓﻊ ﻧﻘﺺ و ﮐﻤﺒﻮد آﮔﺎﻫﯽ و اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪان ﻧﯿﺴﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ و رﺗﺒﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺳﻤﻦ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ، ﺳﺒﺐ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ آﻣﻮزش ﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ اراﯾﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪان ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد.

Background and purpose: The present practical research by surveying the evaluating factors of environmental education in NGOs is going to examine the present condition of NGOs according to statistics studies and distinguishing the backwardness reasons of these NGOs in environmental effective training for target societies and addresses. So in this case, the present gaps among the NGOs, government and public, unfortunate reasons to NGOs were recognized and removed. Method: Environmental education and NGOs are among the studied variables. In order to collect data, a researcher-made questionnaire was designed to receive information about the educational activities of the seminaries and another questionnaire was designed to receive the opinions of intellectuals on environmental education and environmental semantics. The sample of this study was 125 NGOs that were selected among 760NGOs by random sampling and 26 environmental education experts filled those questionnaires, after filling the questionnaires at first step descriptive statistics were reported, and then the analysis of data was done by statistical software. Results: The research shows that probably, the condition of environmental education of NGOs can't perform the necessary education of citizens for protection of environment. The present quality of environmental education produced by NGOs must be re-examined. The determination of evaluating factors causes the promotion of quality of environmental education of NGOs. Discussion & Conclusion: According to the results of indicators investigated in this study, the quality and quantity of trainings provided by environmental NGOs were medium upward, but they aren’t suitable for the lack of citizens, environmental information and awareness. Furthermore the determination of evaluation indicators and the ranking of environmental NGOs cause increasing the quality of environmental education provided to citizens.