ﺑﺮآورد آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﻫﻮاي ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﺗﺮدد وﺳﺎﯾﻞ ﻧﻘﻠﯿﻪ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ درون ﺷﻬﺮي ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﯾﺰد

Estimation of Air Pollution Caused by Public Transport Yazd City

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: اﻣﺮوزه ازدﺣﺎم ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ و ﺗﻤﺎﯾﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻬﺮﻧﺸﯿﻨﯽ، ﻧﯿﺎز ﻣﺮدم را ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از وﺳﺎﯾﻞ ﺣﻤﻞ و ﻧﻘﻞ ﻓﺰوﻧﯽ ﺑﺨﺸﯿﺪه و از اﯾﻦ رو، وﺟﻮد ﯾﮏ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺣﻤﻞ و ﻧﻘﻞ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻦ، ﮐﺎرا و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي، ﺑﺎ ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ آﺛﺎر ﻣﺨﺮب زﯾﺴﺘﯽ در راﺳﺘﺎي رﺳﯿﺪن ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﮔﺎﻣﯽ ﺿﺮوري ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽ رﺳﺪ. ﭼﻪ آن ﮐﻪ ﺣﻤﻞ و ﻧﻘﻞ ﺷﻬﺮي ﯾﮑﯽ از زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﯽ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد؛ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻟﺰوم ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰي ﺻﺤﯿﺢ را در زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﺣــﻤﻞ و ﻧﻘــﻞ ﺷﻬﺮي ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺎﮐﯿﺪ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ. از اﯾﻦ رو، اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﻫﻮاي ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﺗﺮدد وﺳﺎﯾﻞ ﺣﻤﻞ وﻧﻘﻞ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ درون ﺷﻬﺮي در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﯾﺰد و ﺑﺮآورد آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از آن ﻫﺎ در اﯾﻦ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ : داده ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﯿﺎز اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺗﺎﮐﺴﯽ راﻧﯽ و اﺗﻮﺑﻮس راﻧﯽ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﯾﺰد و ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ در ﺑﯿﻦ راﻧﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه، ﺗﺮدد وﺳﺎﯾﻞ ﻧﻘﻠﯿﻪ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﯾﺰد ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ 306 ﺗﻦ ذرات ﻣﻌﻠﻖ،730 ﺗﻦ ﻫﯿﺪروﮐﺮﺑﻮر، 1424 ﺗﻦ ﻣﻮﻧﻮ اﮐﺴﯿﺪ ﮐﺮﺑﻦ، 68934 ﺗﻦ دي اﮐﺴﯿﺪ ﮐﺮﺑﻦ، 389 ﺗﻦ دي اﮐﺴﯿﺪ ﮔﻮﮔﺮد، 4 ﺗﻦ ﺗﺮي اﮐﺴﯿﺪ ﮔﻮﮔﺮد و666 ﺗﻦ ﻣﻮﻧﻮاﮐﺴﯿﺪ ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ، ﮔﺎزوﯾﯿﻞ ﻋﻤﺪه ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﯽ وﺳﺎﯾﻞ ﺣﻤﻞ و ﻧﻘﻞ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ آﻻﯾﻨﺪﮔﯽ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ را ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل دارد. ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: از اﯾﻦ رو، ﺣﻤﻞ و ﻧﻘﻞ رﯾﻠﯽ ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺼﺮف ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﮔﺰﯾﻨﻪ اي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ و راﻫﮑﺎري ﻋﻤﻠﯽ در ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﺷﻬﺮي ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﻬﺒﻮد وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﺗﺮاﻓﯿﮏ ﺷﻬﺮي ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﯾﺰد، راﻧﺪﻣﺎن ﺑﺎﻻي ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺎﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﯾﯽ و ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﺟﻮﯾﯽ در ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از وﺳﺎﯾﻞ ﻧﻘﻠﯿﻪ ﺷﺨﺼﯽ و درﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد.

Background and Objective: Today, urban sprawl and the desire for urbanization have increased the need for people to use transportation, and therefore, the existence of a safe, efficient and economical public transportation system, with the least bio-destructive effects, is a necessary step towards sustainable development. It seams the urban transport is one of the main areas of economic development; an issue that emphasizes the need for proper planning in the field of urban transportation. Therefore, this article has been compiled with the aim of investigating air pollution caused by public transport in Yazd city and estimating the pollution caused by them in this route. Method: The data required for this study were collected by refer to relevant organizations and also field visit of the drivers, then for estimation and analysis software Excel were used. Findings: The results show that the traffic of public transport in the city of Yazd cause annual emissions of 306 tons of particulate matter, 730 tons of Hydrocarbons, 1,424 tons of carbon monoxide, 68,934 tons of carbon dioxide, 389 tons of sulfur dioxide and 4 tons of sulfur trioxide and 666 tons monoxide is nitrogen. Discussion and Conclusion: Rail transport is recommended as appropriate and practical way to improve the traffic situation in the city of Yazd, high efficiency velocity and efficiency of private vehicles and the costs and reduction of pollution is the benefits.