كارايي نانو ذرات آهن و پسماند سلولزي در اصلاح خاك آلوده به سرب و استقرار نهال بلندمازو

Efficiency of Iron Nanoparticles and Cellulosic Wastes for Reclamation of Lead Contaminated Soil and Oak Seedling Establishments

ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ درﯾﺎﻓﺖ: 96/7/11 ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﭘﺬﯾﺮش:96/11/18 ﭼﮑﯿﺪه زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ آﻟﻮده ﺷﺪن ﺟﻨﮕﻞﻫﺎي ﺷﻤﺎل ﮐﺸﻮر ﺑﻪ ﻓﻠﺰات ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﻌﺪنﮐﺎوي، ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ذرات آﻫﻦﺻﻔﺮﻇﺮﻓﯿﺘﯽ و ﭘﺴﻤﺎﻧﺪ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰي در اﺻﻼح ﺧﺎك آﻟﻮده ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮب و اﺳﺘﻘﺮار ﻧﻬﺎل ﺑﻠﻨﺪﻣﺎزو در آن ﺑﻮد. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: ﻧﻬﺎلﻫﺎي ﯾﮏ ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻠﻨﺪﻣﺎزو در ﮔﻞدانﻫﺎي ﭘﻼﺳﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﭘﺮﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎك ﻧﻬﺎﻟﺴﺘﺎن در اﺳﻔﻨﺪ ﺳﺎل 1393 ﮐﺎﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺳﺮب ﺑﺎ ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎي ﺻﻔﺮ، 300 ،200 ،100 )ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم در ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم(، ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﯿﺘﺮاتﺳﺮب ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﺑﻪ ﮔﻞدانﻫﺎ اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﭘﺴﻤﺎﻧﺪ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰي ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﻮح ﺻﻔﺮ، 10 )W2) 20 ،(W1( و 30 )W2( درﺻﺪ، در زﻣﺎن ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻞدانﻫﺎ اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺎﻧﻮذرات آﻫﻦﺻﻔﺮﻇﺮﻓﯿﺘﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﻮح ﺻﻔﺮ، 1 )N2) 2 ،(N1( و 3 )N3( ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم در ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم، ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎك ﺗﺰرﯾﻖ ﺷﺪ. ﻗﻄﺮ، ارﺗﻔﺎع، وزن ﺧﺸﮏ، زيﺗﻮده ﻧﻬﺎلﻫﺎ، ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻗﺎﺑﻞﺟﺬب ﺳﺮب و ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ اﺻﻼحﮐﻨﻨﺪهﻫﺎ در اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﻓﺼﻞ روﯾﺶ اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺳﻄﻮح اﺻﻼح ﮐﻨﻨﺪهﻫﺎ )از 10 ﺑﻪ 30 درﺻﺪ ﭘﺴﻤﺎﻧﺪ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰي و از 1 ﺑﻪ 3 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﻧﺎﻧﻮذرات آﻫﻦ( روﻧﺪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺸﯽ در ﻣﻘﺪار زيﺗﻮده ﻧﻬﺎل در ﺗﻤﺎم ﺳﻄﻮح آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻤﺎم ﺳﻄﻮح آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ در ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻫﺮ اصلاح كننده مشاهده شد. كارايي تيمار N3 79 درصد و تيمار /4 : 44 و سرب 111 /4 : 93 ، سرب 011 /5 : براي سرب 311 W3 براي ﺳﺮب55/6 :100، ﺳﺮب74/98 :200 و ﺳﺮب63/1 :300 درﺻﺪ ﺑﻮد. بحث و نتيجهگيري: استفاده از نانوذرات آهنصفرظرفيتي كارايي بهتري نسبت به پسماند سلولزي كاهش قابليت جذب سرب داشت، بنابراين ميتوان با عمليات جنگل كاري گونههاي بومي و استفاده از اين اصلاحكنندهها در چاله كاشت به احيا جنگلها در مناطق آلوده كمك كرد

Background and Objective: Due to the contamination of northern forests with heavy metals by activities such as mining, the aim of this study was to use zero-valent iron-nano-particles and cellulosic-waste for reclamation of soil contaminated with lead and to establish oak seedlings. Method: One-year-old oak seedlings were planted in plastic-pots filled with nursery soil in March-2014. Lead was added to the pots at concentrations of 0, 100, 200, 300 (mgkg-1) using lead-nitrate solution. Cellulosic-waste with levels of 0, 10% (W1), 20 %( W2) and 30 %( W2) was added to the pots at the same time of planting. Zero-valent iron-nanoparticles with levels of 0, 1(N1), 2(N2) and 3(N3) mgkg-1 was injected into the soil. The diameter, height, dry weight, bioavailable concentration of lead and amendments efficiency was measured at the end of the growing season. Findings: With increasing levels of amendments (from 10 to 30% for cellulosic-waste and from 1 to 3 mg kg-1 for iron-nanoparticles), an increasing trend in seedlings biomass was observed for all levels of contamination. The highest efficiency for all contamination levels was observed in highest level of each amendment. The efficiency of N3 treatment for Pb 100, Pb 200 and Pb 300 was 79.5, 84.4 and 67.8%, respectively and the efficiency of W3 treatment was 55.6, 74.9 and 63.1%, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: The use of zero-valent nano-particles had a better efficiency than cellulosic-waste to reduce the bioavailability of lead; therefore, planting native species and using such amendments in planting holes can help the reforestation of contaminated areas