عنوان به زبان ديگر :
Investigating the Spread of Soils Pollution and Pollution Sources Originating from Tehran in Rural Districts of Qal'ehno and Kahrizak (Rey Township, Tehran, Iran)
كليدواژه :
خاك , آلودگي , روشIDW , ري
چكيده فارسي :
زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﺧﺎك ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﮐﻠﯿﺪي زﻣﯿﻦ، اراﺋﻪدﻫﻨﺪة ﮐﺎﻻﻫﺎ، ﺧﺪﻣﺎت و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺑﺮاي ﻧﻮع ﺑﺸﺮ اﺳﺖ و ﺑﺎ آﺳﯿﺐ آن، ﺷﺎﻟﻮدة ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ از اﺣﺘﯿﺎﺟﺎت ﺑﺸﺮي از ﻫﻢ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﮔﺴﺴﺖ. ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ و ﻣﻮاد آﻻﯾﻨﺪه و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آﻻﯾﻨﺪﮔﯽ در ﺧﺎكﻫﺎي ﺳﻄﺤﯽ دﻫﺴﺘﺎن ﻗﻠﻌﻪﻧﻮ و ﺑﺨﺸﯽ از دﻫﺴﺘﺎن ﮐﻬﺮﯾﺰك در ﺟﻨﻮب ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻬﺮان ﺑﺎ ﺗﺎﮐﯿﺪ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻘﺶ ﮐﻼﻧﺸﻬﺮ ﺗﻬﺮان در اﯾﻦ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ.
روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ در ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰ ﺳﺎل 1396 اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه و دادهﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در آن از اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﻣﻮاد آﻻﯾﻨﺪه در ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ، ﺑﻪدﺳﺖ آﻣﺪهاﻧﺪ. در اﺟﺮاي ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، 144 ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ روش ﺷﺒﮑﻪﺑﻨﺪي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه و ﭘﺲ از ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ و اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي، ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﺪه در ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ وارد ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ. ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻪ روش IDW ﻣﯿﺎنﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎي ﭘﻬﻨﻪﺑﻨﺪي اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﮔﺮدﯾﺪهاﻧﺪ. ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞﻫﺎ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ و رويﻫﻢ ﻧﻬﺎدهﺷﺪه از ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻮاد آﻻﯾﻨﺪه در اﻧﻄﺒﺎق ﺑﺎ دادهﻫﺎي ﮐﻤﯽ و ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ و اﻧﺪازهﻫﺎ در ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آﻻﯾﻨﺪﮔﯽ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ.
ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫﺎ و ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎي ﭘﻬﻨﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺑﺎرﯾﻮم، ﮐﺒﺎﻟﺖ، ﮐﺮوم، ﻣﺲ، ﻧﯿﮑﻞ، ﺳﺮب، اوراﻧﯿﻮم و روي در ﺧﺎكﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ از ﺣﺪود ﻣﺠﺎز ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺑﻮده و داﻣﻨﻪ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ آﻻﯾﻨﺪهﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ)ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم در ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺧﺎك( و ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﮐﺰ ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ اﯾﻦ-ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ : ﺳﺮب 6 ﺗﺎ 168و ﺑﯿﺸﯿﻨﻪ در ﺷﻤﺎلﺷﺮق، ﮐﺎدﻣﯿﻮم از 0/6 ﺗﺎ 2 و ﺑﯿﺸﯿﻨﻪ در ﺷﻤﺎلﻏﺮب، آرﺳﻨﯿﮏ از 0/6 ﺗﺎ 13/4 و ﺑﯿﺸﯿﻨﻪ در ﺷﻤﺎلﺷﺮق، ﻧﯿﺘﺮات 80 ﺗﺎ 700 ﺑﺎ ﺑﯿﺸﯿﻨﻪ در ﺟﻨﻮبﻏﺮﺑﯽ، ﮐﺮﺑﻦ آﻟﯽ 0/6 ﺗﺎ 3 و ﺑﯿﺸﯿﻨﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﮐﺰ در ﺷﻤﺎلﻏﺮب و ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺮه ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎت ﻧﻔﺘﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ 0/051 و ﺗﻤﺮﮐﺰ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎ در ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ. در ﯾﮏﭼﻬﺎرم از ﮐﻞ 16 ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﻣﻮاد ﻧﻔﺘﯽ، رﻗﻢ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از ﺣﺪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﻪدﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ در ﻫﻤﮥ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ، آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﺧﺎك ﻣﺤﺮز اﺳﺖ، اﻣﺎ ﺷﺪت آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع در ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎدهﮔﺴﺘﺮدهﺗﺮي از ﻓﺎﺿﻼبﻫﺎي ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ ﻧﺸﺪه در آﺑﯿﺎري ﺻﻮرت ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮد. ﮐﺎﻧﺎلﻫﺎي ﺧﺎﮐﯽ اﻧﺘﻘﺎلدﻫﻨﺪة ﻓﺎﺿﻼب، اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓﺎﺿﻼبﻫﺎي ﺧﺎم در آﺑﯿﺎري و ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﭘﺎﻻﯾﺶ ﻧﻔﺖ و ذﺧﯿﺮه و ﭘﺨﺶ ﻓﺮآوردهﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺘﯽ، ﺑﺮ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﺧﺎكﻫﺎ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ داﺷﺘﻪاﻧﺪ.
چكيده لاتين :
Background and Objective: Soil, as one of the key systems of the earth, provides goods, services and resources for humankind. So, if it is being damaged, the foundation of an important part of human needs will be collapsed. The purpose of this study is to investigate the amount of pollutants and pollutant sources in the surface soils of Qal'ehno and part of Kahrizak district villages in south of Tehran.
Method: The research has been done in autumn 2017 through an analytical-descriptive method. The data used in the analysis are based on the measurement of contaminants in the samples. 144 sample points were selected by grid method and soil samples were taken and measured, then the results were entered in the GIS. We used IDW method for interpolating the point and introducing zoning maps. The analysis is based on separated and overlapped maps of the spatial distribution of pollutants in accordance with quantitative data and the conditions of the contamination sources.
Findings: Data analysis and zoning maps showed that the concentration of barium, cobalt, chromium, copper, nickel, lead, uranium and zinc in the region soils was higher than the permitted limits and the concentration range of the pollutants studied (in mg / kg) and the concentration area of each of them was as follows: lead from 6 to 168 and the highest in the northeast, cadmium from 0.6 to 2 and the highest in the north-west, arsenic ranges from 0.6 to 13.4 and the highest in the northeast, nitrate from 80 to 700 with the highest in the south-west, organic carbon from 0.6 to 3 and maximum concentration in the north-west, and finally, TPHs with an average of 0.051 and concentration of the highest densities in the center of the region.
Discussion and Conclusions: Although soil contamination is high in the whole area, the severity of density is generally higher in those parts that use more untreated wastewater in irrigation. The permeability channels through which sewage is passed, the use of untreated wastewater in irrigation the oil refining industry and the storage and distribution of oil products have affected soil contamination.
