ارايه مدل تحليلي به‌منظور شناخت و ارزيابي شاخص‌هاي مؤثر بر ارتقاء تعاملات اجتماعي در خيابان‌هاي پياده مدار با استفاده از تحليل سلسله مراتبي (AHP) (مطالعه موردي: خيابان خيام و خيابان سپه قزوين)

Presentation of Analytical Model in Order to Identify and Evaluate Effective Indicators on Promoting Social Interactions in Walkway Streets by Using Hierarchical Analysis (AHP) (Case Study: Khayyam Street and Sepeh Street of Qazvin)

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮوع اﻧﻘﻼب ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ، اﺧﺘﺮاع اﺗﻮﻣﺒﯿﻞ و ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ، ﺑﻪ ﺗﺪرﯾﺞ اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ دادن ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻋﺎﺑﺮ ﭘﯿﺎده و ﻓﻀﺎي ﭘﯿـﺎده ﻣﺤـﻮر در ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ و ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي ﺷﻬﺮي ﮐﻢرﻧﮓ ﺷﺪه و از ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺎت ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ ﺷـﻬﺮ و ﻓﻀـﺎﻫﺎي ﺑـﺎز ﺷـﻬﺮي ﮐﺎﺳـﺘﻪ ﺷـﺪ. ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺷﮑﻞ ﮔﯿﺮي ﮔﺎم ﻫﺎي ﻧﺨﺴﺖ در ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﺧﯿﺎﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي ﭘﯿﺎده ﻣﺪار در اﯾﺮان و ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر زﯾﺎدي ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺧﯿﺎﺑﺎن ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺷﮑﻞ ﮔﯿـﺮي اﻧـﻮاع ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻼت اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ارﺗﻘﺎي ﮐﯿﻔﯿّﺖ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪي دارﻧﺪ، در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ و اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷـﺎﺧﺺ ﻫـﺎي ﻣـﺆﺛﺮ ﺑـﺮ ارﺗﻘـﺎء ﺗﻌـﺎﻣﻼت اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ در ﺧﯿﺎﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي ﭘﯿﺎده ﻣﺪار ﻣﯽ ﭘﺮدازﯾﻢ. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻣﻮرداﺳﺘﻔﺎده در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻫﺪف، ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي و ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ، ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ-ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ. در ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪ اول ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، ﭘﯿﺸﯿﻨﻪ و ﭼﻬﺎرﭼﻮب ﻧﻈﺮي ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ اي و اﺳﻨﺎدي ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺪ و ﺑـﺮ اﺳـﺎس آن ﻣـﺪل ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠـﯽ اراﯾﻪ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ، ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻧﺨﺴﺖ، ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿـﻞ ﺳﻠﺴـﻠﻪ ﻣﺮاﺗﺒﯽ اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ ﺑﻨﺪي و در ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻮردﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ )ﺧﯿﺎﺑﺎن ﺧﯿﺎم و ﺳﭙﻪ ﻗﺰوﯾﻦ( ﻣﻮرد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ از ﻣﯿﺎن اﺻﻮل و ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﻮردﺑﺮرﺳﯽ، ﺳﺮزﻧﺪﮔﯽ" و ﺧﻮاﻧﺎﯾﯽ" ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿـﺐ ﺑـﺎ وزن ﻫـﺎي 0/40 و 0/30" ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﻘﺶ را در ارﺗﻘﺎء ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻼت اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ در ﺧﯿﺎﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي ﭘﯿﺎده ﻣﺪار دارﻧﺪ. ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ در ﺑﺮاﻧﺪه روﺷﯽ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ و اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي ارﺗﻘﺎء ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻼت در ﺧﯿﺎﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي ﭘﯿﺎده ﻣﺪار ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ راﻫﮑﺎري ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎﺗﯽ اراﯾﻪ ﺷﺪه در آن ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰي ﻫﺎي ﺷﻬﺮي ﺑﺮاي ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ اﯾﻦ ﺧﯿﺎﺑﺎن ﻫﺎ در ﺟﻬﺖ ارﺗﻘﺎء ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻼت ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪان ﻣﻮرداﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮد.

Abstract Background and Objective: With the start of the industrial revolution, the invention of cars and the expansion of cities and relatively the priority of the pedestrian and pedestrian spaces in the cities and urban spaces were dimmed and the spatial qualities of the public areas of the city and open spaces of the city were reduced. Considering the formation of the first steps in designing the walkway streets in Iran, and considering the great impact of these streets that have on the formation of various types of social interactions and the promotion of the quality of citizens life, this paper introduces and prioritizes the effective indicators for promoting social interactions in the walkway streets. Method: The research method that was used in this paper is based on objective, applied and on the basis of descriptive-analytical nature. In the first stage of the research, the background and theoretical framework of the research were collected by using library and documentary information and Based on that, an analytical model was presented. In the next step, which was done on the field, the criteria obtained in the first stage were prioritized by using the hierarchical analysis method. an‎d also were evaluated on the samples (Khayyam and Sepah Qazvin streets). Finding: The results showed that among the principles and criteria under consideration, "vitality" and "readability" with the weights "0.41" and "30.0" have the most role in promoting social interactions in the walkway streets. Discussion and Conclusion: This research includes a scientific method for recognizing and prioritizing the criteria for promoting interactions on the walkway streets. The proposed operational strategy can be used in urban planning for designing these streets in order to promote citizen interactions.