دستيابي به اصول طراحي رف هاي نوري با كارايي بالا در ساختمان هاي آموزشي

Achieving the Principles of High Performance of Light Shelves Design in Educational Buildings

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف : اﻣﺮوزه ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺤﺮان اﻧﺮژي، ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﯿﺮي از ﻧﻮر روز در ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﻣﻌﻤﺎري اﻫﻤﯿﺖ زﯾﺎدي ﭘﯿﺪا ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ. ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﻧﻮر روز در ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ از ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ اﻧﺮژي ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ اﺳﺖ ﺑﻠﮑﻪ ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﺤﻮري ﻧﻮر در ادراك ﺑﺼﺮي داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮزان و ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﯿﺖ ﻓﻀﺎي آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ ﺣﺎﯾﺰ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ رف ﻧﻮري)Light shelf( ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺟﺰء اﻟﺤﺎﻗﯽ ﭘﻨﺠﺮه ﮐﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻮﺛﺮي در ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﯿﺖ روﺷﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻼس ﻫﺎي آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ دارد ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎرﮐﺮد رف ﻧﻮري در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ آﺳﻤﺎن ﺻﺎف و آﻓﺘﺎﺑﯽ و در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺗﻌﺪد ﻣﺮاﮐﺰ آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ؛ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻬﺮان ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺤﻞ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪ. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ : در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺒﻨﺎ ﻗﺮار دادن ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﭘﯿﺸﯿﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺳﻌﯽ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻋﻤﻖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮاي رف ﻧﻮري در ﻓﻀﺎي داﺧﻞ و ﺑﯿﺮون از ﭘﻨﺠﺮه در ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻬﺮان ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﯾﺪ. 6 ﺗﯿﭗ رف ﻧﻮري ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺤﻮه ﻗﺮارﮔﯿﺮي رف و ارﺗﻔﺎع از ﮐﻒ ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﮐﻤﯽ و ﺷﺒﯿﻪ ﺳﺎزي اﺳﺖ. اﺑﺰار ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار ﺷﺒﯿﻪ ﺳﺎز دﯾﻮا )Diva for rhino( ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺣﺎﻻت ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮن ﻗﺮارﮔﯿﺮي رف ﻧﻮري ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﯿﺮي از اﯾﻦ ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﻮان ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ روﺷﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﻮر روز را از ﻣﯿﺎن 6 ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻗﺮارﮔﯿﺮي رف ﻧﻮري اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﮐﺮد. ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ رف ﻫﺎي ﻧﻮري از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺷﺒﯿﻪ ﺳﺎزي و ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ آن ﺑﺮ ﻣﯿﺰان روﺷﻨﺎﯾﯽ در ﮐﻼس ﻓﺮﺿﯽ ﻣﻮرد آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ : ﭼﻨﺎن ﭼﻪ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ رف ﻧﻮري ﮐﺎﻣﻼ در ﻓﻀﺎي داﺧﻞ ﮐﻼس ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮد ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮي در ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد روﺷﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻼس دﯾﺪه ﻧﻤﯽ ﺷﻮد. در ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ رف ﻧﻮري اﻟﺰاﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺨﺸﯽ از آن ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﯾﮏ ﺳﺎﯾﺒﺎن در ﺑﯿﺮون ﭘﻨﺠﺮه ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮد ﺗﺎ ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﻧﻮر و روﺷﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﯾﺎﺑﺪ و ﻣﺼﺮف اﻧﺮژي ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ روﺷﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻢ ﺷﻮد. ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﺎت ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار ﺷﺒﯿﻪ ﺳﺎز، ﭼﻨﺎن ﭼﻪ رف در ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ 240 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ ﻣﺘﺮي از ﮐﻒ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ آن ﻧﯿﺰ در ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮد )ﺗﯿﭗ1(، ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﯾﮑﻨﻮاﺧﺘﯽ و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺧﯿﺮﮔﯽ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﯽ آﯾﺪ.

Background and Objective: Given the current energy crisis, daylight gained considerable momentum in architectural designs. Apart from energy efficiency considerations, the importance of using daylight in educational spaces is due to the pivotal role of light in visual perception of students and quality of educational spaces. This article addressed light shelves as window attachments with effective role in desirably lighting a classroom. Given the function of light shelves in clear and sunny climates and high number of educational centers in Tehran, this geographic area was selected to be investigated. Method: This research was founded on data from previous studies to determine the suitable depth of interior and exterior light shelves for window day lighting in this city. In this quantitative study, six types of light shelves with different layouts and heights from the floor were defined, and Diva for Rhino was used for simulation. These six light shelf layouts were analyzed by this software to determine the best one for providing the optimum day lighting. Performance of the light shelves was tested through simulation and their effects on the amount of light in a simulated classroom were examined. Findings: Results showed that all six light shelf layouts made the level of illumination bounce up and reduced energy consumption. Since the south side receives the most sunlight, south-facing light shelves are more efficient. Discussion and Conclusion: According to software simulations, the best results in terms of even illumination and glare reduction are achieved by using intermediate light shelves positioned 240 cm away from the floor (Type 1).