بررسي نگرش مردم محلي نسبت به اثرات اقتصادي اجتماعي تغيير كاربري زمين – در ذخيره گاه زيست كره ارسباران

Analyzing Attitudes of Local People towards Socio-Economic Impacts of Land Use Change in Arasbaran Biosphere Reserve

ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ درﯾﺎﻓﺖ: 96/2/17 ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﭘﺬﯾﺮش:96/5/11 ﭼﮑﯿﺪه زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: درك ﻧﮕﺮش ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﻣﺤﻠﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮص در ﻣﻮرد ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي زﻣﯿﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ و ﺑﻘﺎ و دﺳﺖ ﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻣﺮي ﺿﺮوري ﻫﺴﺖ. ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﮕﺮش ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮدم ﻣﺤﻠﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺳﺒﺐ ارﺗﻘﺎ ﻣﺪﯾﺮت ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﯽ ﺷﺪه و ﺑﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺸﮑﻼت و ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ راه ﺣﻞ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮه ﯾﺎري رﺳﺎﻧﺪ. در اﯾﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻧﮕﺮش و دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮدم ذﺧﯿﺮه ﮔﺎه زﯾﺴﺖ ﮐﺮه ارﺳﺒﺎران ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ اﺛﺮات اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي– اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي زﻣﯿﻦ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر 367 ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﺪاد 24 ﺳﺆال ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي ﻃﺒﻘﻪ اي ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ و در ﺳﻪ زون ﻣﺮﮐﺰي، ﺳﭙﺮ و ﺑﯿﻨﺎﺑﯿﻨﯽ ذﺧﯿﺮهﮔﺎه از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺣﻀﻮري ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮدم ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻞ ﺷﺪ. رواﯾﯽ و ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﭘﺎﺳﺦﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻣﺮدم در ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻤﺎت ﺧﻮد، ﻣﻘﯿﺎس ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻤﺲ را در ﻧﻈﺮ دارﻧﺪ و ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ دﻟﯿﻞ اﺛﺮ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي زﻣﯿﻦ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪاي و ﻣﺤﻠﯽ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮي ﺑﺮاﯾﺸﺎن دارد. ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: اﻫﺎﻟﯽ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺿﺮورت ﺣﻔﻆ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮيﻫﺎ را درك ﮐﺮده اﻣﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ اوﻟﻮﯾﺘﺸﺎن ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﯾﻞ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﻌﯿﺸﺘﯽ ﺧﻮد ﺑﺮ ﻧﺤﻮه ﺣﻔﻆ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮيﻫﺎ اﺳﺖ. ﻣﺮدم در ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻫﺎﯾﺸﺎن، اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺧﺮدﮔﺮا را ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ و ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎي ﮐﻨﻮﻧﯽ و آﺗﯽ ﺧﻮد، ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي ﻫﺎي ﻣﻔﯿﺪ ﺑﺮاي آﯾﻨﺪه ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ را ﺑﺮﺷﻤﺮدﻧﺪ. اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﻈﺮات ﻣﺮدم ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﺪﯾﺮان را در ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎي آﻧﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﯿﺮوﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﺮﮐﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي زﻣﯿﻦ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ آﺷﻨﺎ ﮐﺮده و ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺮد-ﺑﺮد از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي زﻣﯿﻦ ﭘﯿﺶ ﺑﺒﺮد. واژه ﻫﺎي ﮐﻠﯿﺪي: اﺛﺮات اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي زﻣﯿﻦ، ﻧﮕﺮش ﻣﺮدم، ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﺪه.

Background and Objective: Understanding attitudes of local people on protected areas, especially land use management is necessary for maintaining, managing and achieving sustainable development in these areas. Considering local resident's attitudes can promote protected areas management and help to recognize the problems and potential solutions. So in this research the attitudes and perceptions of people of Arsabaran Biosphere Reserve's about socio-economic impacts of land sue changes were analyzed. Method: 367 questionnaires consist of 24 questions distributed using stratified random method and full field by interviewing with local residents of the zones within the Arasbaran Biosphere Reserve (including the core, buffer and transitional zones). Validity and reliability of research was determined. Findings: Analysis show that the people consider scales and so socio-economic impacts of land sue changes in the local and regional scales is more important. Discussion and Conclusion: Local residents understand the necessity of maintaining land uses, but preferring the socio-economic issues and their livelihoods. People showed obviously the rational choice on their answers, and based on their current and future needs introduced future useful land uses. Using local residents' attitudes may help the managers to find out their needs as direct driving force of land use changes within the area and leads them to design win-win plans though land use management.