بررسي اثر طرح سامان‌دهي خروج دام و جنگل‌نشينان بر تجديد حيات در جنگل-هاي فومن، استان گيلان

Study of Effects of Livestock and Forest Dwellers Exclusion Planning on Regeneration in Fouman Forests, Guilan Province

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﭼﺮاي ﺟﺎﻧﻮران ﺳﻢ دار راﯾﺞ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﻬﺮه وري از زﻣﯿﻦ در ﺳﺮاﺳﺮ ﺟﻬﺎن اﺳﺖ و ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ اﺧﺘﻼﻻت اﺛﺮﮔﺬار ﺑﺮ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﺑﻮدي زﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﻫﻤﺮاه اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ اﺟﺮاي ﻃﺮح ﺳﺎﻣﺎندﻫﯽ ﺧﺮوج دام و ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻧﺸﯿﻨﺎن ﺑﺮ ﺗﺠﺪﯾﺪ ﺣﯿﺎت در ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﺎي ﻓﻮﻣﻦ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﯿﻼن ﺑﻮد. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر، 200 ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ )100 ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﭼﺮا و 100 ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﺪون ﭼﺮا( ﺑﻪ روش ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﺑﺎ اﺑﻌﺎد 100 * 100 ﻣﺘﺮ و ﺑﻪ ﮐﻤﮏ ﻗﻄﻌﺎت ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ داﯾﺮه اي ﺷﮑﻞ 100 ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻌﯽ اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪ. در ﻫﺮ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ، ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ زادآوري و ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ و ﺳﻼﻣﺖ آن ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻞ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ 100 داﻣﺪار، وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻧﺸﯿﻨﺎن ﻧﯿﺰ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ دو ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ از ﻧﻈﺮ زادآوري اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري وﺟﻮد داﺷﺖ، ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮري ﮐﻪ ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ زادآوري در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﯽ ﺷﺪه ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﯽ ﻧﺸﺪه ﺑﻮد. ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ زادآوري ﻧﯿﺰ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﯽ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺑﻮد. اﯾﻦ ﻃﺮح ﻧﺘﻮاﻧﺴﺖ ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎي ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻧﺸﯿﻨﺎن را ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﮐﻨﺪ. ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: اﯾﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﯽ ﺧﺮوج دام اﺛﺮات ﻣﺜﺒﺘﯽ در ﺟﻨﮕﻞﻫﺎي ﻓﻮﻣﻦ دارد و ﻣﺪﯾﺮان ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ اﯾﻦ ﻃﺮح را در ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﺟﻨﮕﻞﻫﺎي ﺷﻤﺎل اﯾﺮان ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺎ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺣﻘﻮق ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻧﺸﯿﻨﺎن اﺟﺮا و ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ.

Background and Objective: Ungulate grazing is the most common land use in the world and one of the most impacting disturbances on species composition together with habitat destruction. The aim of this study was to study effect of livestock and forest dwellers exclusion on regeneration in Fouman forest in Guilan province. Method: For this purpose, 200 plots (100 plots in the grazed and 100 plots in the non-grazed area) were sampled by a randomized-systematic method with 100 m2 circular plots in the 100×200 meters grid. In each sample plot, regeneration density and quality condition were recorded. Using questionnaires completed by 100 farmers, forest dwellers status was also assessed. Findings: The results showed that there were significant differences between the two areas in terms of natural regeneration, so that regeneration density was more in the non-grazed region than grazed region. Regeneration quality was better in the non- grazed region than grazed region. The plan failed to properly provide the needs of forest dwellers. Discussion and Conclusion: These results indicate that livestock exclusion have positive effects on Fouman forests and natural resource managers can execute and manage this plan in other Iranian north forests with protect the rights of forest dwellers.