كليدواژه :
آلودگي آب زيرزميني , آرسنيك , ضريب همبستگي پيرسون , تحليل عاملي
چكيده فارسي :
زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: آرﺳﻨﯿﮏ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ در ﺧﺎك و آب ﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد و ﻧﯿﺰ در ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه ﻫﺎي ﭼﻮب، ﻋﻠﻒ ﮐﺶ ﻫﺎ و ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎت ﮐﺸﺎورزي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ اﺳﺖ در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ، از ﻣﻌﺎدن ﯾﺎ ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ اي آزاد ﺷﻮد، اﯾﻦ ﻣﺎده ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ ﺧﻄﺮ اﯾﺠﺎد ﺳﺮﻃﺎن را دارد. ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﻫﯿﺪروژﺋﻮﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ آب زﯾﺮزﻣﯿﻨﯽ ﻣﺤﺪوده ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﯽ ﻣﺮاﻏﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮐﺎﺗﯿﻮن ﻫﺎ، آﻧﯿﻮن ﻫﺎ، ﮐﻞ ﻣﻮاد ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل، ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ، pH و ﻓﻠﺰات ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ )آرﺳﻨﯿﮏ، آﻫﻦ و ﻣﻨﮕﻨﺰ( و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ رواﺑﻂ آﻣﺎري ﺑﯿﻦ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﯾﺎدﺷﺪه و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯽ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ اﺳﺖ.
روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﺟﺮاي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺶ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آب زﯾﺮزﻣﯿﻨﯽ و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﮐﻨﻨﺪه و ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﺸﺄ ﮐﺎﺗﯿﻮن ﻫﺎ و آﻧﯿﻮن ﻫﺎي آب زﯾﺮزﻣﯿﻨﯽ اﯾﻦ آﺑﺨﻮان از 34 ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﭼﺎه در ﺗﯿﺮﻣﺎه 1393 و اردﯾﺒﻬﺸﺖ ﻣﺎه 1394 ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري ﺷﺪ و ﺑﻪ آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎه ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶﻫﺎي ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن زﻣﯿﻦﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ و اﮐﺘﺸﺎﻓﺎت ﻣﻌﺪﻧﯽ ﮐﺸﻮر )اﻟﺒﺮز( ارﺳﺎل ﺷﺪ. درﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ وﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ داده ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار82 SPSS و آزﻣﻮن ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﭘﯿﺮﺳﻮن و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮه اﻧﺠﺎم ﯾﺎﻓﺖ.
ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪﻫﺎي اﻧﺤﻼل ﮐﺎﻧﯽ، اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮ از آﺑﺨﻮان، ﻧﻔﻮذ آب ﺷﻮر در دﺷﺖ ﻋﺠﺐﺷﯿﺮ، آب ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﯽ ﮐﺸﺎورزي، وﺿﻌﯿﺖ زﻣﯿﻦ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ و ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﭘﺴﺎبﻫﺎي ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ از ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ آب ﺳﻄﺤﯽ و زﯾﺮزﻣﯿﻨﯽ در ﻣﺤﺪوده ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ.
ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﻏﻠﻈﺖ آرﺳﻨﯿﮏ در اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺖ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ 10 ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﮔﺮم در ﻟﯿﺘﺮ ﺑﯿﺎن ﺷﺪه درﺻﻮرﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﯿﻨﻪ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ آرﺳﻨﯿﮏ در ﻣﺤﺪوده ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﯽ308/5 ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻟﯿﺘﺮ و ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ آن 44 ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻟﯿﺘﺮ ﻫﺴﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﮔﻔﺖ ﻣﻨﺸﺄﻫﺎي اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯽ آرﺳﻨﯿﮏ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﭘﺴﺎب ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ واﻗﻊ در ﺷﻬﺮك ﻫﺎي ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﻣﺮاﻏﻪ و ﺑﻨﺎب، ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي ﮐﺸﺎورزي )اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺳﻤﻮم و ﺣﺸﺮه ﮐﺶ ﻫﺎ( و ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ زﻣﯿﻦ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ )وﺟﻮد ﺳﺎزﻧﺪ ﺷﻤﺸﮏ(، ﺳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ و رﺳﻮﺑﺎت ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﻓﺮﺳﺎﯾﺶ اﯾﻦ ﺳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ و ﻣﻌﺎدن زﻏﺎل ﺳﻨﮓ ﺧﺮﻣﺎ زرد( ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
چكيده لاتين :
Abstract
Background and Objective: The objective of this study is evaluating hydrochemical properties of groundwater in Maragheh area, including: Cations, Anions, Total Dissolved Solids, Electrical Conductivity, pH and Heavy metals (As, Fe, Mn) and investigating the statistical relations between these parameters and Probable Origins of contamination.
Methods: In order to carry out ground water quality monitoring, and evaluate the controlling processes and to determine cations and anions sources of the groundwater, 34 wells were selected for sampling from July 2014 and April 2015 and water quality parameters were measured and sent to the Laboratory Applied Research Center of Geological Survey & Mineral Explorations of Iran (Elburz). Data analysis was performed through SPSS software and Factor Analysis & Pearson correlation coefficient test.
Results: The chemical composition of the surface and groundwater is controlled by several processes such as mineral dissolution, increasing evaporation from the aquifer, irrigation return flow, saline water intrusion in the Ajbashir Plain, geological status of the area, anthropogenic inputs.
Discussion and Conclusion: The concentration of arsenic based on WHO standard is 10μg/L, while the maximum arsenic concentration in the study area is 308.5μg/L and the mean concentration is 44μg/L. According to the results, it relies that arsenic probable sources can be concerned to industrial waste water in Maragheh and Bonab industrial complex, agricultural activities (using pesticides and insecticides) and geological factors (existence of Shemshak formation), rocks and sediments derived from the erosion of these rocks and coal mines (Khormazard).
