ارزش ﮔﺬاري اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﮐﺎرﮐﺮدﻫﺎي ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﯽ (ارزش ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﯽ، ﻣﯿﺮاﺛﯽ و وﺟﻮدي) ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﺗﺎﻻب ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ ﺧﻠﯿﺞ ﮔﻮاﺗﺮ و ﺧﻮر ﯾﺎﻫﻮ

Economic Valuation of non-use Functions (preservation value, heritage and existence) of Environmental Resource International Govater Bay and Hur-e-Bahu Wetland

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﺗﺎﻻب ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ ﮔﻮاﺗﺮ و ﺧﻮر ﯾﺎﻫﻮ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﻧﻈﯿﺮ وﺟﻮد ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺎﻧﮕﺮو و وﺿﻌﯿﺖ آن ﺟﺰو ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺎﻻب ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﺪاد زﯾﺎدي از ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎن ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮ، ﻋﺒﻮري و ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪﻣﺜﻞ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه و آﺑﺰﯾﺎن اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ارزش ﮔﺬاري اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ارزش ﻫﺎي ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﺗﺎﻻب ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ ﺧﻠﯿﺞ ﮔﻮاﺗﺮ و ﺧﻮر ﯾﺎﻫﻮ و ﺣﺴﺎس ﺳﺎزي ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ اي و ﻣﻠﯽ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﻮردﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان داراﯾﯽ زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ و ارﺗﻘﺎي ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه آن در ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﮔﺬاري ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اي اﻧﺠﺎم ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ارزش ﻫﺎي ﻏﯿﺮ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده اي )ارزش ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﯽ، ﻣﯿﺮاﺛﯽ و وﺟﻮدي( ﺗﺎﻻب و ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﻤﺎﯾﻞ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ اﻓﺮاد ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ از آن ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ارزش ﮔﺬاري ﻣﺸﺮوط و ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب دوﮔﺎﻧﻪ در ﺳﺎل 1395 ﻣﻮردﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ارزش زﯾﺴﺘﯽ، ارزش ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ، ارزش ﻣﯿﺰان ﻋﻼﻗﻪ ﻣﻨﺪي ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑﺎر، ارزش ﮐﻞ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ازﻧﻈﺮ ﺳﻪ ﮐﺎرﮐﺮد ﺣﯿﺎت وﺣﺶ ﺗﻔﺮج و ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي و ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ آب و ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ، ﮐﻞ ﺗﻤﺎﯾﻞ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ ﺑﺮاي زﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﺣﯿﺎت وﺣﺶ، ﮐﻞ ﺗﻤﺎﯾﻞ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎزدﯾﺪ ﭼﺸﻢ اﻧﺪازﻫﺎ، ارزش وﺟﻮدي، ارزش ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﯽ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ دوﻟﺖ، ارزش ذاﺗﯽ، ارزش اﺛﺮات ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺗﺎﻻب ﺑﺮ ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ و ﺗﻤﺎﯾﻞ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ ﺟﻬﺖ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﻫﻮا از اﺟﺰا ارزش ﻫﺎي ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻣﻮردﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮارﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪ روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ، ﺗﻌﺪاد 315 ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ از ﺳﺎﮐﻨﺎن ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ:ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺗﻤﺎﯾﻞ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ از ﺗﺎﻻب ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ ﮔﻮاﺗﺮ و ﺧﻮر ﯾﺎﻫﻮ48965 رﯾﺎل ﺑﺮآورد ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ارزش اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﮐﺎرﮐﺮدﻫﺎي ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﯽ ﺗﺎﻻب ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ ﺧﻠﯿﺞ ﮔﻮاﺗﺮ و ﺧﻮرﺑﺎﻫﻮ ﻣﻌﺎدل 78285220701/5 رﯾﺎل ﻫﺴﺖ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺎﻻب ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ ﮔﻮاﺗﺮ و ﺧﻮر ﯾﺎﻫﻮ ارزش ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﯽ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ دارد ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ ارزش ﺑﺮاي ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﮔﺬاران و ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎن، ﺗﻮﺟﯿﻬﯽ را ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ از ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﺗﺎﻻب ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﻨﺪ و از ﮐﻢ ﺟﻠﻮه دادن ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﺎﻻب ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮي ﮐﻨﻨﺪ.

Background and Objective: International Govater Bay and Hur-e-Bahu Wetland is located in the South East of Iran. This wetland is important for vegetation characteristics such as mangrove forests and due to the overall status is the most important wetland for many migratory birds and marine organisms like fish and sea turtles. The aim of this study was to economically evaluate the non-consumption values of environmental resources of International Govater Bay and Hur-e-Bahu Wetland and to sensitize regional and national services to the study areas as environmental assets and to promote its position in development policy. Method:This research were carrying out to determine non-consumptive values (the value of conservation, heritage and existence) of International Govater Bay and Hur-e-Bahu Wetland and measure individual’s willingness to pay (WTP) for preservation and recreational benefits based on contingent valuation (CV) and dichotomous choice (DC) in 2015. In this regards, the value of biological, cultural, natural and existential interest in hunting, willingness to pay for wildlife habitat, air pollution control, vision and values protected by the state visit, the positive effects on agricultural wetlands and wildlife value of the area in terms of three functions , recreation and tourism and improve the climate of the region is estimated. Random sampling, 315 questionnaires were collected from residents. Findings: The mean of willingness to pay for preservation value of this wetland is 48965 RLs. The results show that the total economic value of non-use functions of International Govater Bay and Hur-e-Bahu Wetland is about 78.285.220.701 rials. Discussion and Conclusion: Results revealed that International Govater Bay and Hur-e-Bahu Wetland had considerable preservation and recreational values. Thus, these values provide enough justification for policy makers to maintain the quality of International Govater Bay and Hur-e-Bahu Wetland, and avoid degrading wetland resources.