كليدواژه :
فراهمي آب , پوميس , بافت خاك , پياز , عناصر كم مصرف
چكيده فارسي :
زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺪودﯾﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آب دراﮐﺜﺮﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﯾﺮان، اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭘﻠﯿﻤﺮﻫﺎي ﺳﻮﭘﺮﺟﺎذب ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ راﻫﮑﺎري ﻣﺆﺛﺮ درﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ و ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ، ﺣﺎﺻﻠﺨﯿﺰي ﺧﺎك و ﺣﻔﻆ ذﺧﯿﺮه رﻃﻮﺑﺘﯽ ﺧﺎك ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ ﭘﻮﻣﯿﺲ ﺑﺮ ﻓﺮاﻫﻤﯽ آب، وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ و ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ اي در ﺧﺎك ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ رﯾﺰ و درﺷﺖ، ﺗﺤﺖ ﮐﺸﺖ ﭘﯿﺎز ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ.
روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ در ﺑﻬﺎر ﺳﺎل 1396ﻃﯽ آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ اي ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﮐﺎﻣﻼ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر ﻧﻮع ﺧﺎك )ﺑﺎ دو ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﻟﻮم ﺷﻨﯽ و ﻟﻮم رﺳﯽ(، دور آﺑﯿﺎري )ﺑﺎ دو ﺳﻄﺢ ﭼﻬﺎر و ﻫﻔﺖ روز ﯾﮏ ﺑﺎر( و ﭘﻮﻣﯿﺲ )ﺑﺎ ﭼﻬﺎر ﺳﻄﺢ 0 ،2/5 ، 5 و 7/5 % وزﻧﯽ( در ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ.
ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺳﻄﻮح ﭘﻮﻣﯿﺲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺴﺖ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ، ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ، ﮔﻮﮔﺮد، آﻫﻦ، ﻣﻨﮕﻨﺰ و روي در ﭘﯿﺎز را اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ دﻫﺪ. در اﮐﺜﺮ ﻣﻮارد ﺑﯿﻦ دو ﺳﻄﺢ 5 و 7/5 % وزﻧﯽ ﭘﻮﻣﯿﺲ اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري وﺟﻮد ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ. ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﭘﻮﻣﯿﺲ در ﺧﺎك ﻟﻮم ﺷﻨﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﺧﺎك ﻟﻮم رﺳﯽ ﻣﺸﻬﻮد ﺑﻮد. در ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﭘﻮﻣﯿﺲ درﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﮐﺮده ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ، ﺑﯿﻦ دورﻫﺎي آﺑﯿﺎري ﭼﻬﺎر و ﻫﻔﺖ روز ﯾﮏ ﺑﺎر در ﻫﯿﭻ ﮐﺪام از ﺻﻔﺎت ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪه ﻏﯿﺮ از ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻣﺲ ﮔﯿﺎه ﺗﻔﺎوﺗﯽ وﺟﻮد اﺷﺖ.
ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﭘﻮﻣﯿﺲ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ 5 % وزﻧﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان دور آﺑﯿﺎري ﭘﯿﺎز را از ﭼﻬﺎر روز ﺑﻪ ﻫﻔﺖ روز ﯾﮏ ﺑﺎر اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ داد. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﮐﻪ دور آﺑﯿﺎري از ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻬﻢ در ﮐﺸﺖ ﭘﯿﺎز اﺳﺖ، ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﭘﻮﻣﯿﺲ در ﻫﺮ دو ﻧﻮع ﺧﺎك ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺻﺮﻓﻪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﺧﻮﺑﯽ در آب ﻣﺼﺮﻓﯽ اﯾﺠﺎد ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ.
چكيده لاتين :
Background and Objective: Due to scarcity of water in most regions of Iran, the use of
superabsorbent polymers is known as a helpful approach in improving soil physical and chemical
properties, soil fertility and water resources storage. The purpose of this study was to examine the
effect of pumice on water availability, chemical and nutritional properties in a course and fine
textured soils under onion cultivation.
Method: This research, was conducted in spring of 2017 in greenhouse as factorial in form of CRD
design with three factors including soil texture (with two levels: sandy loam and clay loam), irrigation
schedule (with two levels: every 4 and every 7 days) and pumice (with four levels: 0 (C1), 2.5 (C2), 5
(C3) and 7.5 (C4) percentage w/w) which were carried out in three replications.
Findings: Results, showed that increasing pumice rate, could increase P, K, S, Fe, Mn and Zn
concentration in onion. In most cases, there was no significant difference between 5 and 7.5
percentages of pumice rates. Positive effect of pumice in sandy loam soil was more than clay loam. In
pumice treatments, there was no significant difference between two irrigation rates, for none of
parameters except for Cu concentration in plant.
Discussion and Conclusion: By Application of 5 percentage w/w pumice in soil, irrigation schedule
of onion could be increased from 4 days to 7 days. Noting that the irrigation schedule is one of the
most important factors in onion cultivation, pumice application, can cause a good economic efficiency
in water use.
