ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﺟﺬب ﻓﻠﺰات ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي درﺧﺘﯽ و درﺧﺘﭽﻪ اي ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﻓﻀﺎي ﺳﺒﺰ ﺷﻬﺮﮐﺮد

Potential Uptake of Heavy Metals by Some Tree and Shrub Species Used in Shahrekord Landscape

اﻟﻒ-زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﭘﺎﯾﺶ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﯾﮑﯽ از روشﻫﺎي ارزان و ﺳﺎده ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻂزﯾﺴﺖ اﺳﺖ. ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﺗﺮاﻓﯿﮏ وﺳﺎﯾﻞ ﻧﻘﻠﯿﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ورود ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ از ﻓﻠﺰات ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ ﺑﻪ اﺗﻤﺴﻔﺮ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﭘﺎﯾﺶ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ در ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﻫﻮا و ﻓﻠﺰات ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﭼﻮﺑﯽ ﺟﺎذب ﻓﻠﺰات ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ ﺳﺮب، روي و ﮐﺎدﻣﯿﻮم در ﺑﺮگ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي درﺧﺘﯽ و درﺧﺘﭽﻪ اي ﺳﺮو ﺧﻤﺮهاي، ﻧﺎرون، زﺑﺎنﮔﻨﺠﺸﮏ و ﺑﺮگ ﻧﻮ در ﭼﻬﺎر ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﻮح ﺗﺮاﻓﯿﮑﯽ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺷﻬﺮﮐﺮد اﺳﺖ. ب-روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: ﺑﺮاي اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر از درﺧﺘﺎن واﻗﻊ در ﺧﯿﺎﺑﺎنﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮاﻓﯿﮏ ﺑﺎﻻ )ﺧﯿﺎﺑﺎن ﮐﺎﺷﺎﻧﯽ، ﺧﯿﺎﺑﺎن ﺳﻌﺪي، ﺗﺮﻣﯿﻨﺎل ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮﺑﺮي( ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ آﻟﻮده و داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺷﻬﺮﮐﺮد ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ در دو ﻣﻘﻄﻊ زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت )اواﺧﺮ ﺑﻬﺎر و اواﺧﺮ ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن( اﻗﺪام ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺑﺮداري از ﺑﺮگ-ﻫﺎي درﺧﺘﺎن ﻣﺬﮐﻮر ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﻓﻠﺰات ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ آﻟﻮده )ﺧﯿﺎﺑﺎن ﮐﺎﺷﺎﻧﯽ( ﺑﺎ اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري در ﺳﻄﺢ 99 درﺻﺪ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺗﺮ از ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ دﯾﮕﺮ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار اﻧﺒﺎﺷﺖ ﻓﻠﺰ ﺳﺮب و روي در ﺑﺮگ ﮔﻮﻧﻪي ﺑﺮگ ﻧﻮ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ 5 /47 و 32/68 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم و ﮐﺎدﻣﯿﻮم ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار 1/84 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﺑﺮگ ﮔﻮﻧﻪي ﺳﺮو ﺧﻤﺮه اي ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه، ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﺮگ ﻧﻮ، ﺳﺮوﺧﻤﺮهاي، ﻧﺎرون و زﺑﺎن ﮔﻨﺠﺸﮏ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﭼﻮﺑﯽ ﺟﺎذب ﻓﻠﺰات ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ، در ﻓﻀﺎي ﺳﺒﺰ ﺷﻬﺮﮐﺮد ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ.

Background and Objective: Biomonitoring is a simple and inexpensive method for assessment of the quality of the environment. Vehicle emissions introduce high levels of heavy metals into the atmosphere. The use of plant species can be effective in assessing and decreasing air pollution and the levels of heavy metals. This research was conducted to select the best accumulator of lead, zinc and cadmium in the leaves of four tree species, namely Thuja Orientalis, Ulmus umbraculifera, Fraxinus Rotundifolia and Ligustrum Ovalifolium, in four areas in the city of Shahrekord, Iran, with different traffic levels. Method: For this purpose, testing was conducted in areas with high levels of traffic (Kashani Street, Saadi Street and Shahrekord Terminal) as polluted areas, and Shahrekord University served as control area. In two periods, at the end of spring and the end of summer, leaves were sampled. Findings: Results showed that heavy metal levels in one polluted area, Kashani Street, were higher than in other areas. Also, the highest level of lead and zinc accumulation was observed in the leaves of Ligustrum Ovalifolium with levels of 5.47 and 32.68 mg/kg. The highest level of cadmium, 1.84 mg/kg, was observed in the leaves of Thuja Orientalis. Discussion and Conclusions: according to the results, Ligustrum Ovalifolium, Thuja Orientalis, Ulmus Umbraculifera and Fraxinus Rotundifolia were introduced as the best wood species for accumulating heavy metals.