ارزيابي اثرات محيط زيست صنايع انرژي بر استان مركزي با روش RIAM Fuzzy

The environmental impact assessment of energy intensive industries in Markazi province by RIAM fuzzy

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ اﻧﺮژي ﺑﺮ، اﺛﺮات و ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ اﯾﺠﺎد ﻣﯽ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از آن ﻫﺎ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻋﺪم ﮐﻨﺘﺮل و ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺟﺒﺮان و زﯾﺎن ﺑﺎر ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ، از اﯾﻦ رو اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﺛﺮات ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ اﻧﺮژي ﺑﺮ ﺑﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم رﺳﯿﺪه اﺳﺖ. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ اﺛﺮات ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﭼﻬﺎر ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻓﻮﻻد، آﻟﻮﻣﯿﻨﯿﻮم، ﺳﯿﻤﺎن و ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﯿﻤﯽ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺮﮐﺰي ﺑﺎ روش RIAM Fuzzy ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺎزدﯾﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ، ﺟﻤﻊ آوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺘﻌﺪد و ﻧﻈﺮات ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن ﺑﺮاي ﭼﻬﺎر ﺑﺨﺶ ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ-ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ، اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي-ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮدي، ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ- اﮐﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ-ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﺑﯿﺶ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ اﺛﺮات ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﺷﺪﯾﺪ)E–( و ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ)D–( ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ اﻧﺮژي ﺑﺮ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺮﮐﺰي ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﻣﺘﺎﺛﺮ اﺳﺖ از : ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ آﻟﻮﻣﯿﻨﯿﻮم، ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﯿﻤﯽ، ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﻓﻮﻻد و ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﺳﯿﻤﺎن. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ ﺑﻨﺪي اﺛﺮات ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ-ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ و ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ-اﮐﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ اﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﻫﻮا و ﻣﯿﺰان ﺧﺮوﺟﯽ ﻫﺎي آﻻﯾﻨﺪه ﻫﻮا و ﺗﻨﻮع و ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ در اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ ﻗﺮار دارد. در ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي-ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮدي و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ-ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ، ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ اﯾﺠﺎد ﻓﺮﺻﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺷﻐﻠﯽ و ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ در اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎي ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺘﯽ در اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ اول اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎظ اﺛﺮ ﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽ ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ. ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﺗﻤﺎم ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ اﻧﺮژي ﺑﺮ، اﺛﺮات ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺮﮐﺰي اﯾﺠﺎد ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ و روش RIAM Fuzzy براي كاهش عدم قطعيت ها در ارزيابي اثرات محيط زيست صنايع انرژي بر مناسب است.

Background and Objective: Energy intensive industries cause serious impacts on the surrounding environment. Therefore, in these sorts of projects, environmental impact assessment of energy intensive industries is one of the most important aspects of environmental management. The objective of present research is using one of the environmental impact assessment methods to make the managerial decisions for determining the most important identified impacts and impacts occurring prevention or reduction. Method: The environmental impact assessment of energy intensive industries, which is located on Steel, aluminum, cement and petrochemical industry in Markazi province, were investigated. Firstly, environmental impacts were identified using Delphi questionnaire method and based on their criteria including physical-chemical, economic and functional, Bio ecological and socio-cultural. Then the aforementioned criteria of impacts were assessed by using RIAM Fuzzy method. Results: The results show that most severe negative impacts (- E) and significantly (- D) for energy intensive industries are as following: aluminum, petrochemical, steel and cement. The results show that the most important impacts of energy intensive industries are respectively including air quality and air pollutant emissions(physical-chemical), changes in species diversity and density (Bio ecological), create job opportunities (economic and functional) and changes in demographic patterns (socio-cultural). Discussion and Conclusion: All energy intensive industries have significant effects on the environment of Markazi provinces and the RIAM Fuzzy method is suitable for reducing uncertainties in the environmental impact assessment of energy intensive industries.