ارزيابي توان گياه پالايي آب تره ( (Nasturium officinale L.در رفع آلودگي كادميوم

Evaluation of Phytoremediation Potential of Nasturtium Officinal L. for Cadmium Contamination Elimination

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻠﺰات ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ از ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﯾﻠﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ روي رﺷﺪ و ﻧﻤﻮ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن و ﺟﺎﻧﻮران ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺑﺴﺰاﯾﯽ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﮐﺎدﻣﯿﻮم ﯾﮏ ﻓﻠﺰ آﻻﯾﻨﺪه ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ اﺛﺮاﺗﯽ ﺳﻮ ﺑﺮ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن دارد. ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﻣﮑﺎن رﻓﻊ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ آبﻫﺎي آﻟﻮده ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎدﻣﯿﻮم ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﮔﯿﺎه آبﺗﺮه اﺳﺖ. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ اﺛﺮ ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮐﻠﺮﯾﺪ ﮐﺎدﻣﯿﻮم ) 300 ،100 ،50 ،10 ،0 و 500 ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﻮﻻر( ﺑﺮ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ و ﺗﻮان ﺟﺬب ﮔﯿﺎه آب ﺗﺮه اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ درﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﮐﺎﻣﻼً ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ اﺛﺮ ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﮐﺎدﻣﯿﻮم ﺑﺮ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ و ﻣﯿﺰان ﮐﺎدﻣﯿﻮم در ﮔﯿﺎه ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺑﻮد. ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮري ﮐﻪ وزن ﺗﺮ و ﺧﺸﮏ رﯾﺸﻪ و اﻧﺪام ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ، ارﺗﻔﺎع رﯾﺸﻪ و اﻧﺪام ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ، ﻣﯿﺰان رﻧﮕﯿﺰه ﻫﺎي ﻓﺘﻮﺳﻨﺘﺰي ﮔﯿﺎه ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺳﻄﻮح ﮐﺎدﻣﯿﻮم روﻧﺪ ﮐﺎﻫﺸﯽ داﺷﺘﻨﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻫﺮﭼﻪ ﺳﻄﻮح ﮐﺎدﻣﯿﻮم در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﮐﺸﺖ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ، ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﮐﺎدﻣﯿﻮم در رﯾﺸﻪ و اﻧﺪام ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ ﮔﯿﺎه اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ. ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي ﮐﺎدﻣﯿﻮم در ﻫﺮ دو اﻧﺪام رﯾﺸﻪ و ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﮔﯿﺎه آب ﺗﺮه درﻏﻠﻈﺖ 500 ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﻮﻻر ﮐﺎدﻣﯿﻮم ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﮔﯿﺎه آب ﺗﺮه ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﯾﯽ ﭘﺎﻻﯾﺶ ﮐﺎدﻣﯿﻮم از آب ﻫﺎي آﻟﻮده ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻓﻠﺰ را دارد.

Background and Objective: One of the most fundamental problems that may affect growth and development of plants and animals are environmental pollution by some heavy metals. Cadmium is a contaminant metal which has harmful effects on the physiological activity of the plant. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of using the Nasturtium officinal plants for clarifying of contaminated water and evaluation of this plant ability for phytoremediation. Method: In this study the effect of different concentrations of Cadmium (including 10, 50, 100, 300 and 500 µM CdCl2) was investigated on physiological parameters and Cadmium absorption of Nasturtium officinal plant. The experiment was carried out in completely randomized design with three replications. Findings: The obtained result showed that the effects of Cd was significant on growth, physiological characters and the amount of Cadmium in plants, so that fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, height of shoot and root and the photosynthetic pigments increased as levels of Cadmium increased in nutrient solution. By increasing Cadmium concentration in medium culture, the amount of Cadmium was enhanced in roots and shoots. The highest Cadmium content in both root and shoot organs was observed in 500µM cadmium treatment. Discussion and Conclusion: The current results revealed that Nasturtium officinal plants have certain ability for Cd phytoremediation.