تأثير جنگل‌كاري با گونه‌هاي درختي بر ترسيب كادميوم، روي، سرب و منگنز در خاك(مطالعه موردي: توده‌هاي جنگلي اطراف كارخانه سيمان ايلام)

Effects of Tree Plantations on Sequestration of Soil Cd, Zn, Pb and Mn (Case Study: Forest Stands around Ilam Cement Factory)

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: اﻣﺮوزه آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﻫﻮا، آب و ﺧﺎك ﺑﻪ واﺳﻄﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ اﻣﺮي ﺛﺎﺑﺖﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﺳﯿﻤﺎن ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ آﻻﯾﻨﺪهﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ اﺛﺮات زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ اﻃﺮاﻓﺶ ﻣﯽﮔﺬارد. اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺟﻨﮕﻞﮐﺎري ﺑﺮ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﺮﺳﯿﺐ ﮐﺎدﻣﯿﻮم، روي، ﺳﺮب و ﻣﻨﮕﻨﺰ ﺑﺮ ﺧﺎك ﻫﻔﺖ ﺗﻮده ﺟﻨﮕﻞﮐﺎريﺷﺪه اﻃﺮاف ﮐﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪﺳﯿﻤﺎن اﯾﻼم اﻧﺠﺎمﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: در ﻫﺮ ﺗﻮده، ﭘﻼتﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ اﺑﻌﺎد 10×10 ﻣﺘﺮ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﭘﯿﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺑﺮداري از اﻋﻤﺎق 0-10 و 10-20 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮي ﺧﺎك ﺗﻮدهﻫﺎ اﻧﺠﺎم ﯾﺎﻓﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎيﺧﺎك و ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻓﯿﻠﺘﺮ ﻧﯿﺰ اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎنداد ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﺮﺳﯿﺐ ﮐﺎدﻣﯿﻮم در اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻓﯿﻠﺘﺮ ﮐﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ و ﺧﺎك ﺗﻮده ﻫﺎي ﺟﻨﮕﻠﯽ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﺄ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ اﺳﺖ. اﻣﺎ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﺮﺳﯿﺐ ﻓﻠﺰ روي، ﺳﺮب و ﻣﻨﮕﻨﺰ در اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻓﯿﻠﺘﺮ ﮐﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﺮﺳﯿﺐ اﯾﻦ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ در ﺧﺎك)اﻋﻤﺎق 0-10 و 10-20 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮي( ﺗﻮدهﻫﺎ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺧﺎك، ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﺮﺳﯿﺐ ﺳﺮب ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ، در ﺗﻮده ﺑﻠﻮط ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ، ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﺮﺳﯿﺐ ﮐﺎدﻣﯿﻮم در ﻋﻤﻖ 0-10 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮي، ﻓﻠﺰ روي در ﻋﻤﻖ 10-20 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮي ﺧﺎك و ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﺮﺳﯿﺐ ﻣﻨﮕﻨﺰ در ﻫﺮدوﻋﻤﻖ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ درﺟﻪ آﻣﯿﺨﺘﮕﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺟﻨﮕﻠﯽ و ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﺮﺳﯿﺐ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ وﺟﻮددارد. ﻋﻼوهﺑﺮاﯾﻦ، در ﺗﻮدهاي ﮐﻪ ﺑﻠﻮطﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﺣﻀﻮرداﺷﺖ، ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﺮﺳﯿﺐ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻮد.

Background and Objective: Todays the pollution of air, water and soil caused by industrial units, has been proved in the world. Among them, the cement industry is one of the most important environmental pollutants that have adverse environmental effects on the surroundings. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of afforestation on sequestration of Cd, Zn, Pb and Mn in soil of 7 stands around the Ilam Cement Factory. Methods: In each stands, some plots (10 × 10 m) were established systematically. Soil sampling was done from the depths of 0-10 and 10-20 cm. Also, heavy metals from the soil samples and electro filter were measured. Findings: Results showed that the amount of Cd in the electro filter was similar to Cd in soil of the stands, but the amounts of Pb, Zn and Mn in electro filter are more than of those that in soils of the stands (0-10 cm and 10-20 cm depth). The results also showed that with increasing soil depth the amount of Pb sequestration decreased. In natural Oak stand, the most amount of Cd was seen in surface soil (0-10 cm depth), the most Zn were in deep soil (10-20 cm depth) and the Most amount of Mn sequestration in both depths were observed. Discussion and Conclusion: In general, we can say there are direct relationship between the degree of tree mixing and sequestration of heavy metals. In addition, in the natural Oak stand, the amount of heavy metal sequestration was higher than other stands.