بررسي متابوليت هاي ثانويه و ويژگي هاي مورفوفيزيولوژيكي گياه زعفران تحت تاثير اليسيتور پلي اتيلن گلايكول

Study of Secondary Metabolites and Morphophysiological Characters of Saffron under Poly Ethylene Glycol Elicitor

زﻋﻔﺮان )Crocus sativus( ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ا ﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ازﻧﻈﺮ داروﯾﯽ و ادوﯾﻪاي ﻫﻤﻮاره ﺟﺎﻟﺐ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﮐﻼﻟﮥ ﺧﺸﮏ زﻋﻔﺮان ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺑﻪﺷﮑﻞ ﻃﻌﻢدﻫﻨﺪه، رﻧﮓ ﺧﻮراﮐﯽ و داروﯾﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽﺷﻮد و ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭼﻨﺪﯾﻦ ﺑﺘﺎﮐﺎروﺗﻦ ازﺟﻤﻠﻪ رﻧﮕﺪاﻧﮥ زرد ﮐﺮو ﺳﯿﻦ، ﻣﺎدة ﺑﺎ ﻃﻌﻢ ﺗﻠﺦ ﭘﯿﮑﺮوﮐﺮو ﺳﯿﻦ و ﻋﻄﺮ ﺧﻮب ﺳﺎﻓﺮاﻧﺎل اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻧﻪﺗﻨﻬﺎ داراي اﺛﺮﮐﺎﻫﻨﺪة ﻗﻨﺪ ﺧﻮن اﺳﺖ، ﺧﻮاص آﻧﺘﯽاﮐﺴﯿﺪاﻧﯽ و ﺿﺪ اﻟﺘﻬﺎﺑﯽ دارد. در ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، اﺛﺮ ﭘﻠﯽاﺗﯿﻠﻦﮔﻼﯾﮑﻮل ﺑﺮ ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﺛﺎﻧﻮﯾﻪ و وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ زﻋﻔﺮان ﺑﺮرﺳـــﯽ ﺷﺪ و ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧ ﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ ﺑﯿ ﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ و ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﭘﺮوﻟﯿﻦ، ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي ﻧ ﺴﺒﯽ آب، ﭘﺮاﮐ ﺴﯿﺪﻫﯿﺪروژن و رﻧﮕﯿﺰهﻫﺎي ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ b a و ﮐﻞ ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر 12 درﺻــﺪ ﭘﻠﯽاﺗﯿﻠﻦﮔﻼﯾﮑﻮل و ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺷــﺎﻫﺪ ﺣﺎﺻــﻞ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮد؛ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ اِﻋﻤﺎل ﭘﻠﯽاﺗﯿﻠﻦﮔﻼﯾﮑﻮل ﺳﺒﺐ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﺛﺎﻧﻮﯾﮥ ﮔﯿﺎه زﻋﻔﺮان در ﻣﻘﺎﯾ ﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﯿ ﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﮐﺮوﺳﯿﻦ )29/04 درﺻﺪ(، ﭘﯿﮑﺮوﮐﺮوﺳﯿﻦ )24/17 درﺻﺪ( و ﮐﺮوﺳﺘﯿﻦ )0/04 درﺻﺪ( در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر 12 درﺻﺪ پلي‌اتيلن‌گلايكول به دست آمد. نتايج پژوهش حاضر نشان دادند كه كاربرد اليسيتور پلي‌اتيلن‌گلايكول سبب بهبود محتواي متابوليت‌هاي ثانويه و ويژگي‌هاي مورفوفيزيولوژيكي مهم گياه زعفران مي‌‌شود و مي‌توان اين راهكار را براي بالا بردن بهره‌وري اقتصادي زعفران پيشنهاد كرد.

Saffron (Crocus sativus) is the most perennial plant species considered as valuable medicinal and aromatic plant worldwide. Dried stigmas of saffron is commonly used as a flavor, food coloring and a drug and comprises several types of beta carotenes including a yellow pigment Crocin, a bitter-tasting substance Picrocrocin and a good perfume Safranal which not only exerts a hypoglycemic effect but also expressions antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study evaluated the effect of PEG 6000 on some secondary metabolite content and morphophysiological traits. The results showed that the highest and lowest levels of proline, relative water content, hydrogen peroxide and chlorophyll a, b and total pigments were obtained in 12% polyethylene glycol treatment and control treatment, respectively. The highest content of Crocin, Picrocrocin and Crocetin were obtained using PEG 12% by 29.04%, 24.17% and 0.04% respectively. The highest and lowest IC50 inhibitory potency was observed in 12% polyethylene glycol and control treatments, respectively. The optimum enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and Ascorbate peroxidase was also triggered by the application of PEG 12%. The results of the present study showed that the application of polyethylene glycol elicitor improves the content of important secondary metabolites and morphophysiological characteristics of saffron plant and this solution can be suggested to increase the economic productivity of saffron.