پديد آورندگان :
صفري، محسن دانشگاه صنعتي بيرجند - گروه مهندسي معدن , آريافر، احمد دانشگاه صنعتي بيرجند - گروه مهندسي معدن , علي نژاد، سينا دانشگاه صنعتي بيرجند - گروه مهندسي معدن
كليدواژه :
بازسازي معدن , محيط زيست , FTOPSIS , معدن شن و ماسه , توسعه پايدار
چكيده فارسي :
زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: اﻣﺮوزه ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ازدﯾﺎد ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ از زﻣﯿﻦ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. در ﻧﻮاﺣﯽ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﯽ، ﻣﺤﺪوده وﺳﯿﻌﯽ در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﻣﻌﺪنﮐﺎري ﺗﺤﺖ اﺷﻐﺎل ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽ ﮔﯿﺮد ﮐﻪ ﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻨﺪﯾﻦ ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﻫﻢ ﻣﯽ رﺳﺪ. ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ ﻣﻌﺎدن و ﻋﻮارض ﺟﺎﻧﺒﯽ زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ اﻧﺪازه و ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ﻣﻌﺎدن ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. از ﻃﺮﻓﯽ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﻣﻌﺪﻧﯽ و ﻫﻢ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ و ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﺸﺮ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ و ﻧﻤﯽﺗﻮان ﯾﮑﯽ را ﻓﺪاي دﯾﮕﺮي ﮐﺮد. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ راه ﻣﻌﻘﻮل ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻞ ﻣﺸﮑﻞ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﯿﻦ اﯾﻦ دو ﺑﺨﺶ، ﺣﻔﻆ ﺗﻮازن و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار اﺳﺖ. اﺣﯿﺎ و ﺑﺎزﺳﺎزي ﺳﻄﺢ زﻣﯿﻦ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﭘﺲ از اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﻣﻌﺎدن ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺴﺘﺮده و ﻧﺎﻣﺤﺪود ﺑﺎﻗﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﺪه اﻧﺪ؛ در رﺳﯿﺪن ﺑﻪ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺰرگ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻣﺆﺛﺮ واﻗﻊ ﺷﻮد. ﻟﺬا ﻫﺬف از اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﮔﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎزﺳﺎزي ﻣﻌﺪن ﺷﻦ و ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﺟﻮﺑﻦ ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ-ﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ رﺳﯿﺪن ﺑﻪ ﻫﺪف ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ اﺑﺘﺪا ﮐﺎرﻫﺎي ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺎزﺳﺎزي ﻣﻌﺎدن ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﺪ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ، ﮔﺰﯾﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎزﺳﺎزي ﻣﻌﺪن ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﺷﺪ. در اداﻣﻪ ، ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ از ﮔﺰﯾﻨﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﭘﻮﮔﺮاﻓﯽ، ﺷﯿﺐ، ﺟﻨﺲ ﺧﺎك، ﻣﺎﻟﮑﯿﺖ، راه دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ، اﻧﮕﯿﺰه ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮداران و ... ﻣﻮرد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﮔﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺎزﺳﺎزي ﻣﻌﺪن از روش ﺷﺒﺎﻫﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺰﯾﻨﻪ اﯾﺪه آل ﻓﺎزي )FTOPSIS( اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ.
ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ ﮔﯿﺮي در ﻣﻮرد اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﯾﮏ ﮔﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺎزﺳﺎزي ﻣﻌﺪن ﯾﮏ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﻌﯿﺎره ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎ در ﺗﻌﺎرض ﺑﺎ ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮﻧﺪ. از ﻃﺮﻓﯽ در ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢﮔﯿﺮي ﺗﻔﮑﺮات اﻧﺴﺎن ﺑﺎ ﻋﺪم ﻗﻄﻌﯿﺖ ﻫﻤﺮاه اﺳﺖ و اﯾﻦ ﻋﺪم ﻗﻄﻌﯿﺖ در ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ-ﮔﯿﺮي ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار اﺳﺖ. اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش FTOPSIS ﮐﻪ ﺗﻤﺎم اﯾﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎ را در ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮد. ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻣﻮﺛﺮ واﻗﻊ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: اﺣﯿﺎي زﻣﯿﻦ و ﺑﺎزﺳﺎزي ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ ﯾﮏ راه ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ زﻣﯿﻦ از ﻟﺤﺎظ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي اﺳﺖ و ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﺮدم و زﻣﯿﻦ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻌﺪن ﮐﻤﮏ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ. اﺣﯿﺎي ﻣﻮﻓﻖ و ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ روﯾﮑﺮد ﻣﯿﺎن رﺷﺘﻪ اي ﮐﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ ﻃﺮح ﯾﮑﭙﺎرﭼﻪ و ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮاي اﺣﯿﺎي ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ، ﻫﯿﺪروﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ، زﯾﺒﺎﯾﯽ و ﺗﻔﺮﯾﺤﯽ ﺷﻮد ﻧﯿﺎز دارد. ﻟﺬا ﻟﺰوم ﺟﺎﻣﻊﻧﮕﺮي در ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢﮔﯿﺮي و ﺑﻬﺮهﮔﯿﺮي از اﻓﺮاد ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﻏﻞ، ﺗﺨﺼﺺﻫﺎ، ﺗﺠﺮﺑﯿﺎت، ﺳﻮاﺑﻖ و دﯾﺪﮔﺎهﻫﺎي ﻋﻠﻤﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮن، ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏﻫﺎي ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ-ﮔﯿﺮي ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﻌﯿﺎره ﻓﺎزي ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻣﻮﺛﺮ واﻗﻊ ﺷﻮد؛ ﻟﺬا در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﮔﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎزﺳﺎزي، ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ زﯾﺮﺑﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ در ﺑﺎزﺳﺎزي و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ، از ﺑﯿﻦ ﻫﻔﺖ ﮔﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ 17 ﻣﻌﯿﺎر ﻣﺆﺛﺮ، ﮔﺰﯾﻨﻪ اﯾﺠﺎد ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺗﺠﺎري ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﮔﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪ.
چكيده لاتين :
Abstract
Background and Objective: Nowadays, due to population growth, the optimal use of land is a paramount importance. For example, in mining areas, a large area is occupied for the mining purpose which sometimes exceeds several hectares. In this regard, the amount of destruction and the environmental harms resulted from mining increases upon the rise of quantity and capacity of mines. On the other hand, since both mineral products and environment are a necessity for humans, one cannot be sacrificed for the other one. So, the logical solution is concurrent development. To this end, the reclamation of areas left after mining could be very effective. Therefore, the purpose of this study is finding a suitable alternative for the reclamation of the Jubon sand mine, by taking into account the potentials of the region to achieve the goal of sustainable development.
Method: In this research, firstly the (previous) works done for the reclamation of similar mines were studied, then by examining the potentials of the region, different alternative for mine reclamation were proposed. Then, each of the alternatives was evaluated based on different criteria such as topography, slope, soil type, ownership, access road, beneficiary’s motivation and etc. Finally, in order to select the most appropriate alternative for mine reconstruction method of Similarity to Fuzzy Ideal Solution (FTOPSIS) was used.
Findings: Given that deciding on a suitable alternative for mine reclamation is a multi-criteria issue and the criteria are in conflict with each other. On the other hand, in decision-making issues, human thoughts are associated with uncertainty, and this uncertainty influenced the process of decision-making. The FTOPSIS method which takes into account all the indicators were very effective. Discussion and Conclusions: Land reclamation and environmental regeneration is an effective way to use land resources economically and help to coordinate people and land in the mining area. Successful and sustainable reclamation requires an interdisciplinary approach that leads to an integrated and effective plan to rehabilitate environmental, hydrological, aesthetic and recreational conditions. Therefore, the need for holistic approach in decision-making and the use of different people with different jobs, specialties, experiences, backgrounds and scientific perspectives, along with the use of multi-criteria fuzzy decision-making techniques can be very effective. Therefore, in this article, in
