امكان سنجي ساخت ساختمان انرژي صفر در منطقه سرد و نيمه خشك ايران (مطالعه موردي : شهر مشهد)

The Feasibility of Construction of Zero-Energy Building in the Cold and Semi-Arid Climate (Case Study: Mashhad)

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻣﮑﺎن ﺳﻨﺠﯽ و ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن اﻧﺮژي ﺻﻔﺮ در اﻗﻠﯿﻢ ﺳﺮد و ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﺧﺸﮏ ﻣﯽ ﭘﺮدازد. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎ و ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﻤﺎري ﻏﯿﺮﻓﻌﺎل ﺧﻮرﺷﯿﺪي ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮي از اﻧﺮژي ﻫﺎي ﺗﺠﺪﯾﺪﭘﺬﯾﺮ، ﻣﻘﺪار اﻧﺮژي ﻣﺼﺮﻓﯽ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ داده ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻮردي ﯾﮏ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﻣﺴﮑﻮﻧﯽ ﯾﮏ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ 100 ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺑﺎ 4 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺳﺎﮐﻦ در آب وﻫﻮاي ﺳﺮد و ﺧﺸﮏ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﺸﻬﺪ در ﺷﻤﺎل ﺷﺮق اﯾﺮان اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮاي ﺷﺒﯿﻪ ﺳﺎزي ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﯽ، اﻃﻼﻋﺎت آب وﻫﻮاﯾﯽ )دﻣﺎي ﻫﻮا، ﺳﺎﻋﺖ آﻓﺘﺎﺑﯽ، ﺑﺎد، ﺑﺎرش و ﺗﺎﺑﺶ ﺳﺎﻋﺘﯽ ﺧﻮرﺷﯿﺪ( ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ از اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﻫﻮاﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ و ﭘﺎﯾﮕﺎه داده ﻫﺎي آب وﻫﻮاﯾﯽ ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار Meteonormﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﺷﺒﯿﻪ ﺳﺎزي و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﯽ دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ ﺳﺎزه، ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار DesignBuilder ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﺷﺒﯿﻪ ﺳﺎزي ﮐﺎﻫﺶ 30 درﺻﺪي ﻣﺼﺮف اﻧﺮژي ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن را ﺑﺎ رﻋﺎﯾﺖ اﺻﻮل ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﻏﯿﺮﻓﻌﺎل )اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ، دﯾﻮار ﺗﺮاﻣﺐ، ﺳﺎﯾﻪ ﺑﺎن، اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻋﺎﯾﻖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ( از KWh 2544/3 ﺑﻪ KWh 1776 ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ. ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ داﺷﺘﻦ اﻧﺮژي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﯿﺎز ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ، ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻓﺘﻮوﻟﺘﺎﺋﯿﮏ ﺧﻮرﺷﯿﺪي ﺑﺎ ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار PVsyst ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ و اﻧﺮژي اﺳﺘﺤﺼﺎﻟﯽ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ KWh 2629/1 ﺑﺮآورد ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﯽ ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﯾﺎد ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ اﻋﻤﺎل ﺿﺮﯾﺐ اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن 1/4، ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن اﻧﺮژي ﺻﻔﺮ دراﻗﻠﯿﻢ ﺳﺮد و ﺧﺸﮏ اﻣﮑﺎن ﭘﺬﯾﺮ اﺳﺖ و ﺑﺮاي ﻧﯿﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار و ﺳﺎزﮔﺎر ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ، ﮔﺎﻣﯽ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﯽ آﯾﺪ.

Background and Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate and design a zero energy building in cold and dry climates. In this study, energy consumption will be reduced by using of the solar-powered systems and techniques for the use of maximum energy from renewable sources. Method: A residential building is evaluated as a case study. This building includes one floor with an area of 100 square meters with 4 people in cold and dry climate of Mashhad in the north east of Iran. For thermal simulation, weather information (temperature, air, sunshine, wind, rain, and sunlight) is obtained from the weather station and climate database and the Meteonorm software. Design Builder software is used to simulate and analyze the dynamic heat of the structure. Findings: The results of this simulation show that 30% of the annual energy consumption of the building, taking into account the principles of inactive design (optimal selection, wall truss, shade, appropriate fitting) will be reduced from 2544.3 KWh to 1776 KWh. Subsequently, with the annual energy requirement, PVSyst software is designed to design a photovoltaic solar system with an annual energy of 2629.1 KWh. Discussion and Conclusion: The comparative comparison of equation values by applying a 1.4 coefficient of confidence indicates that construction of zero-energy building is possible in a cold and dry climate and is created to achieve sustainable and environmentally sustainable.