بررسي تجمع عناصر كروم و نيكل در خاك اطراف شهرك صنعتي شماره 3 اراك

Evaluation of Cr and Ni Concentrations in the Soil Samples Collected from Near the Arak III Industrial Estate

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ آﻻﯾﻨﺪه ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﭘﺎﯾﺶ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﺧﺎك و ﺣﻔﻆ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ اﻣﺮي ﺿﺮوري اﺳﺖ. ﻟﺬا اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﮐﺮوم و ﻧﯿﮑﻞ و ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ در ﺧﺎك اﻃﺮاف ﺷﻬﺮك ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﺷﻤﺎره 3 اراك در ﺳﺎل 1392 اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر، ﭘﺲ از اﻧﺘﺨﺎب 10 اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه در ﺷﻌﺎع 5 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮي ﺷﻬﺮك، در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع 20 ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺧﺎك ﺳﻄﺤﯽ و ﻋﻤﻘﯽ ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﺷﺪ. ﭘﺲ از ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ و ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺧﺎك، ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻀﻢ اﺳﯿﺪي ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﻗﺮاﺋﺖ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﻧﺸﺮ اﺗﻤﯽ اﻗﺪام ﺷﺪ. ﭘﺮدازش آﻣﺎري داده ﻫﺎ و ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﭘﻬﻨﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰارﻫﺎي SPSS و ArcGIS اﻧﺠﺎم ﯾﺎﻓﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﯿﻨﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﮐﺮوم در ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺧﺎك ﺳﻄﺤﯽ و ﻋﻤﻘﯽ )ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﮔﺮم در ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم( ﺑﺎ 15/50±1/97 و 13/00±1/65 ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه 2 و ﺑﯿﺸﯿﻨﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻧﯿﮑﻞ در ﺧﺎك ﺳﻄﺤﯽ و ﻋﻤﻘﯽ )ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﮔﺮم در ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم( ﺑﺎ 19/25±1/90 و 18/50±2/02 ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي 9 و 2 ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﮐﺮوم و ﻧﯿﮑﻞ در ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺧﺎك ﺳﻄﺤﯽ و ﻋﻤﻘﯽ ﺑﺎ رﻫﻨﻤﻮد WHO ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻫﺮ دو ﻋﻨﺼﺮ در ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﮐﻮﭼﮏ ﺗﺮ از ﺑﯿﺸﯿﻨﻪ رواداري WHO ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﻋﺪم ﺗﺠﺎوز ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﮐﺮوم و ﻧﯿﮑﻞ در ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ از ﺑﯿﺸﯿﻨﻪ رواداري WHO را ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﺑﺎ ﻋﻮاﻣﻠﯽ ﻫﻤﭽﻮن اﻋﻤﺎل ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ در واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮ در ﺷﻬﺮك، ﺟﻬﺖ وزش ﺑﺎد ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﮐﻪ ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎً ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ اراﺿﯽ ﺑﺎﯾﺮ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻏﺮب ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ اﺳﺖ، وﺳﻌﺖ اﻧﺪك اﺧﺘﺼﺎص ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي ﮐﺸﺖ آﺑﯽ و ﺑﻪ ﺗﺒﻊ آن ﻋﺪم اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺑﯿﺶ از ﺣﺪ از ﻧﻬﺎده ﻫﺎي ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ داﻧﺴﺖ.

Background and Objective: Spatial distribution of contaminants is essential for soil pollution monitoring and maintaining environmental quality. Therefore this study was carried out for evaluation of Cr and Ni concentrations in soil samples collected from around the Arak III Industrial Estate in 2013 and preparing the zoning map of metals. Method: After selecting 10 sampling stations within a radius of 5 km from the industrial estate, a total of 20 soil samples were collected from topsoils and subsoils. Then some physical and chemical properties of soil were determined. For determination of heavy metals concentration in soil samples, using ICP-OES (Varian, 710-ES, Australia) when soil digestion was complete. All statistical analyses were done by SPSS software, version 18.0 (SPSS Inc., USA). Also, the spatial distribution maps of elements in soil samples were prepared using IDW method. Findings: The results showed that maximum mean concentration of Cr in topsoils and subsoils samples were found in sampling station II with 15.50±1.97 and 13.00±1.65 mg/kg, respectively, and maximum mean concentration of Ni in topsoils and subsoils samples were found in sampling stations IX and II with 19.25±1.90 and 18.50±2.02 mg/kg, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: Comparative evaluation of Cr and Ni contents in different studied soil samples showed that the mean concentrations of Cr and Ni in all topsoils and subsoils due to implementation of environmental management of industrial units in Arak III Industrial Estate and minimal use of agricultural inputs such as chemical fertilizers and pesticides were significantly lower than WHO permissible limits for soil contamination